Academic dishonesty

Research studies in workplace settings, (such as (Chatterjee et al, 2007) and (Judge et
al, 2006) )have long indicated (indicate ) that narcissistic behavior is counterproductive to
progress in the work environment. However, there is limited research on the exact role played
by specific narcissistic dimensions or the driving force behind them. In this article, the
authors set out to(Brunell et al’s article, “Narcissism and academic dishonesty: the
exhibitionism dimension and the lack of guilt”) investigates the relationship between
narcissism and academic dishonesty. The researchers approached their study by first going to
great lengths to explain the meaning of the term narcissism. In their definition, they
acknowledged that in the past, narcissism had been explained as being both a clinical
condition and a typical personality trait. The researchers referenced the DSM-IV-TR, which
described narcissism as a personality disorder in which individuals exaggerate their talents to
justify holding themselves in a higher regard than others (Brunel, Staats, Barden, & Hupp,
2011). This description extends to describing narcissists as arrogant individuals who lack
empathy and are inherently exploitative. On the other hand, (the article expresses that)
narcissism as a normal trait can be viewed as just another personality type that describes
people who have inflated positive personal reviews of themselves with little enthusiasm for
interpersonal relationships. Regardless of the definition, the authors noted that it is a common
trait that narcissistic people often go to great lengths to advance themselves ahead of the
competition at all costs.
As excellence in academics can be one of the most important determinants of power
and status within the context of university life, (in university life), the researchers were
interested to find out if there was a link between narcissism and academic dishonesty. The
premise for this research stems from observations that narcissists have a tendency of breaking
ethical rules in their attempts to achieve their self-centered goals (of academic excellence,
and the benefits attached forthwith). The researchers reported that there is a general belief
that it is rare for narcissists to have guilt feelings, which means that they are more likely to
participate in academic misconduct without any second thoughts. For that reason, the
researchers set out to investigate to what extent three dimensions of narcissistic behavior may
be directly involved in propagating academic dishonesty. The ( threefold dimensions that
were subject to the research study involved a desire for power, exhibitionism and the belief of
uniqueness and being special, ) dimensions are a) desire for power, b) exhibitionism, c)
belief of uniqueness and being special which are all thought to be factors that could predict
academic cheating.
In the study that was conducted, participants were requested to complete a
Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) and also to fill out a questionnaire about their
personal cheating behavior and guilt feelings. , and also (They were also asked) about their
thoughts on the cheating behavior of other students and their guilt feelings, similarly to
(Brunel, Staats, Barden, & Hupp, 2011). In addition, respondents were further asked to reveal
their age and gender identity as these are factors that have also been thought to play a role in
academic dishonesty. Lastly, the grade point average of the participants was also collected to
help in analyzing the relationship between academic dishonesty and academic achievement.
The study used the NPI system of measuring narcissism, (which the study explains
contains forty items) contains 40 items. The items used in the system contained statements
that were used to assign scores to single out narcissistic and non-narcissistic responses. A
score of 1 was given for a narcissistic response and 0 for a non-narcissistic one. The scores
were later summed up to indicate traits of narcissism. Next, participants were handed a
questionnaire to fill to assess their response to academic dishonesty and any possible guilt
feelings. Questions from the Agnew and Peter measure of the neutralization of guilt were
used to assess guilt associated with academic dishonesty. The results showed that in the self-
condition (when participants give more personal details), there was a link between narcissism
and academic dishonesty without any guilt. An analysis of the three dimensions showed that
exhibitionism and power were linked to academic dishonesty, but no association was found
with special person dimension. Self-esteem was found to have no link to academic
dishonesty, (as corroborated by other research studies, such as (Brunnel et al, 2011)) (Brunel,
Staats, Barden, & Hupp, 2011). Participants who scored high on exhibitionism (were
expressed as showcasing) expressed lower guilt levels. With respect to reporting academic
dishonesty, no gender differences were observed. However, (in regards to overall
performance) overall, men were found to be less likely to show guilt for academic dishonesty
than women. In addition, older students were found to be less likely to report cheating and
more likely to experience guilt for cheating. In addition, the researchers conducted regression
analyses to further investigate the association of the three dimensions of narcissism to
academic dishonesty.
The findings of the study showed that there is a strong association between narcissism
and academic dishonesty. The study also demonstrated that out of the three dimensions of
narcissism, exhibitionism played a unique role in academic dishonesty. Exhibitionism
showcases the desire of narcissistic people to attract admiration that reinforces their superior
status. Therefore in a bid to excel academically and impress their peers, exhibitionists will do
anything even if it means cheating in academics. More importantly (furthermore, the study
found that), exhibitionists were found to showed no guilt feelings for their academic
dishonesty. (However, the study displayed certain limitations. It could not explicitly
differentiate between the influence of exhibitionism and self-esteem on the disposition to
engage in cheating )On the other hand, participants with high self-esteem were found to have
little disposition to cheat. Finally, the researchers (The research study) suggest that future
research work on this area should seek to investigate how self-reported conduct reflects
actual conduct.(, as well as the relationship between power and special person dimensions
and academic dishonesty)

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