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Running head: ACADEMIC WRITING 1

Academic writing

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ACADEMIC WRITING 2

Introduction

Academic writing is a way of expression of expertise in the research fields. Writers

express their thoughts through the platform. Writing on specific areas of interests is the most

important part of these academic writings. Academic writing is categorized into four main types

each having specific language features and a purpose. These four main types are the analytical,

descriptive, persuasive and the critical type. Though, in most academic writings one is needed to

use more than one type. Writers write on the topics they can handle in a way they flow with the

ideas they want to write. As defined by any sources, it is said to be a style of expression that is

used by researchers in defining the intellectual boundaries of their disciplines in their specific

areas of expertise (Canton, 2018). Therefore, writers design academic writing to convey

meanings about complex ideas or concepts.

While focusing on the analytical type of academic writing, it is the type of writing where

a writer drives to analyze another source and write about it. In this type of writing, a writer could

analyse a film, an idea, and a piece of writing or even an issue of interest. Most importantly,

analyzing these sources would need a lot of keenness since analysis gets done from a source or a

new idea. When analysing a writer is in a position to get the point, analyse it and if need to

compare, contrast or even examine it. The analytical writing does, include descriptive writing but

will need re-organization of facts or information a writer describes. As a similarity to descriptive

writing, this analytical writing often uses argumentative writings, but they are not primary

components of this writing type. Therefore when having analytical writing, time planning and a

flow of ideas are the necessary patterns of the writing (Baldwin, 2008).

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For descriptive writing, writers define it as the simplest type of writing. The main reason

for this type of writing is the collection of information or a fact. When descriptive writing have

use in schools, for example, in practical agriculture, it will serve the purpose of describing the

practice, writing down the procedures, examined reports, and the results of the project. The

writing is the easiest and follows the basic procedures, so complications are narrow compared to

other writings. Descriptive writing due to its simple writing format makes it an option for new

writers who want to write articles that will need brief descriptions (Kauffman, 2014). Descriptive

writing, therefore, is the simplest type of writing and it mainly used when writing practical

results as they appear to be.

In persuasive writing, it is a piece of writing that has intentions to convince readers.

Readers of these types of writing get convinced in believing in the existence of an idea, and to

act on the idea. For example, a writer would like to convince readers about the existence of

herbal toothpaste. The writer would use this format of writing in the convincing process. Readers

having the information will act according to the power of the flow of the information provided

about its existence. By doing this, a writer should support the idea with evidence. Any finding of

evaluations done from other’s works should have plans on a sequence of an organized way not to

lose facts of the main ideas (Murray, 1979). Whenever the writer use claims, they should always

be clear to the readers. Therefore, to sum up, persuasive writing, all assumptions should be valid,

have a clarified claim and its evidence for quality persuasive writing.

Critical writing type is the other writing type that is used commonly in doing researches.

This writing mainly gets used in advanced undergraduate and post-grade writing. Critical writing

requires a writer to consider their idea and at least another two points of view. Writers are

required to summarise all their works accurately, identify any weaknesses and strengths that are

ACADEMIC WRITING 4

from existing research when writing reviews. When having an idea about something, a writer

should have an opinion about how to handle the idea. The ideas should have support and by

suggest appropriate approaches that would serve as the best defense on the idea. Evidence should

provide a point of view. Therefore, when using this critical writing skill, strong writing skills

needed and the writer should first understand the topic (Baldwin, 2008).

Conclusion

In conclusion, academic writing gets comprised of four main types of writing. These

types of writings vary from each other in their style of writing. When writing different types of

academic writings, styles get used according to the type of content written. Writers should write

according to the specification of the topics they are writing. These styles of writing relate to

some point, where two types of academic writing can be combined to support a piece of writing.

Although they all focus on the writer expressing their expertise in different professions, they all

have a common objective where the writers use new ideas and support their pieces of writings.

ACADEMIC WRITING 5

References

Baldwin, Scott A. "Organizing your ideas and creating a thesis." Writing your psychology

research paper, 2008, pp. 39-56.

Canton, Ursula. "‘It’s Hard to Define Good Writing, but I Recognise it when I see it’: Can

Consensus-Based Assessment Evaluate the Teaching of Writing?" Journal of Academic

Writing, 2018, pp. 13-27.

Kauffman, Douglas F., and Yashu Kauffman. "An Online Coaching System for Academic

Writing and Digital Plagiarism." PsycEXTRA Dataset, 2014.

Murray, Donald M. "The Handout Page: The Qualities of Good Writing." The English Journal,

vol. 68, no. 3, 1979, p. 79.

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