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Animal Experimentation
While animal experimentation proves to be the go-ahead in scientific and medical
breakthroughs, its prevalence, however, demoralizes the concept of preservation of life.
Akhtar, Aysha. "The Flaws And Human Harms Of Animal Experimentation". Cambridge
Quarterly Of Healthcare Ethics, vol 24, no. 4, 2015, pp. 407-419. Cambridge
University Press (CUP), doi:10.1017/s0963180115000079. Accessed 3 Aug 2019.
In the article, Aysha Akhtar contradicts the two main statements that validate the viability
of Animal Experimentation. Firstly, animals are sufficient replica of human biology, and
secondly, their use leads to the provision of significant Human Health benefits. She critically
demonstrates and assesses the issue by citing relevant scientific literature. She raises concerns
about Animal Experimentation's predictability and reliability to understanding its outcome on the
human physiology. Additionally, Aysha Akhtar brings to light the harm of Animal
Experimentation to the human body through entities such as effective therapeutics abandonment
and misleading safety studies.
According to the article, more than 115 million animals are an expose of animal
experimentation. On a scale of safety to harmful, the number of animals harmed in the quest for
a scientific and medical breakthrough does not meet the target achievements. More animals are
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lost, and very few medical results made. Moreover, Animal Experimentation faces three main
obstacles when it comes to the translation to humans of data. They include the laboratory
environment, human diseases and animal model of diseases disparities, and physiological and
genetic differences in species. The atmosphere in which the experiments take place often fails to
note the stress markers that affect the animals' physiology and behavior. Due to the difference in
physiology, it is easier to introduce human disease to the animals artificially. However, the
animals often fail to meet the complexity of the human disease genetic makeup, making their
applicability a trial and error errand.
The disposable view of animals by humans based on the annual figure of animals exposed
to experimentation only acknowledges humans as self-centered and inconsiderate in the
continuity and survival of other animal species. It is more of a sport than a medical and scientific
journey due to the number of animals compromised along the way. The preservation of life is
now an excuse protocol to capture and recapture, and compromise the sanity of animal life.
Bailey, Jarrod, and Shiranee Pereira. "Advances In Neuroscience Imply That Harmful
Experiments In Dogs Are Unethical". Journal Of Medical Ethics, vol 44, no. 1, 2017, pp.
47-52. BMJ, doi:10.1136/medethics-2016-103630. Accessed 3 Aug 2019.
Jarrod Bailey and Pereira Shiranee acknowledges functional MRI as a conclusively
proven tool in understanding the parameters behind how the neural circuitry of canine brain
functions. However, the viability of evidence that validates animals like dogs as being receptive
to perception, cognition, positive emotions, and intuition ethically invalidates their candidacy in
Animal Experimentation. They reveal the striking similarity paused by both the humans and the
animals' brains. The brain part, caudate nucleus, in both cases demonstrates bonding urges,
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empathic-like responses, and the ability to process positive emotions. Since Bailey and
Shiranee's support for dogs' comprehension and response to emotional cues channeled from the
human voice, toxicity testing via Animal Experimentation is a harmful and invasive means of
conducting research.
In Bailey and Shiranee's article, more than 200, 000 dogs are annual involuntary
participants in toxicity testing roofed under Animal Experimentation. The animals are subject to
pain, distress, and suffering to be useful in evaluating the safety bar of new chemicals and drugs
before their introduction to a human-populated environment. Scientific and ethical arguments
dispute the practice due to insignificantly variable canine data, and thus the same effect cannot
be a guarantee on humans. Therefore, Bailey and Shiranee highlights several ethical objections
as guidelines in animal research, including Instrumentalism and the Dogs' Right to Life.
However, the safety precautions are still unable to deal with the stressors the dogs express when
introduced to unfamiliar objects and environment. Due to the impressive cognitive function
performance by dogs, Bailey calls for a sound level of appreciation and acknowledgment to the
suffering dogs undergo through Animal Experimentation.
Animal experimentation on an animal that can understand and comprehend our human
emotions is a defiantly insulting and domineering act on the hierarchy of life. The dog species is
still man's best friend from time immemorial. The unethical act of using them as guinea pigs to
further our own well being and interests makes us human beings the villains of life preservation
and continuity.
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Works Cited
Akhtar, Aysha. "The Flaws And Human Harms Of Animal Experimentation". Cambridge
Quarterly Of Healthcare Ethics, vol 24, no. 4, 2015, pp. 407-419. Cambridge
University Press (CUP), doi:10.1017/s0963180115000079. Accessed 3 Aug 2019.
Bailey, Jarrod, and Shiranee Pereira. "Advances In Neuroscience Imply That Harmful
Experiments In Dogs Are Unethical". Journal Of Medical Ethics, vol 44, no. 1, 2017, pp.
47-52. BMJ, doi:10.1136/medethics-2016-103630. Accessed 3 Aug 2019.

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