APA- Sample Comprehension Strategies

Running head: History 1

Comprehension Strategies

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History 2

In reading compression is considered troublesome to many since they struggle a lot to

comprehend it. It has been noted that many student have reading abilities but the problem

arises since it is difficult for them to fully understand the text; most read without an objective

and set goal. Students should be assisted to have well-tuned comprehension skills, this call

for teachers to develop strategies that enables comprehension of narrative, expository and

poetic texts (Tompkins, 2010). These strategic activities may comprise use of graphic

organizer, text preview, text presentation as well as development of vocabulary. The paper

discusses the strategic activities which will help in comprehension of text.

Comprehension is born out after reading and it requires attention as well as emphasis

when the teacher is instructing literal material. It is not a one-step strategy but it’s a process

that grows with time, it requires ones determination and time to fully understand it clearly to

the point of fluency. Comprehension skills can be taught to students what it is by first

understanding what is narrative (Freppon, & McIntyre, 1999). It is describes as giving of

account or a series of occurrences in a descriptive manner with exposition and persuasion

traits. The teacher may use graphical organizer when dealing with narratives so that

characters, plot, setting and conflict can be understood easily preventing forgetting easy. The

graphical representation makes it realistic and clears uncertainties hence increasing

comprehension level of the student (Buehl, 2008).

The ability of the students to perform depends on the comprehension level. Educators

have in many occurencies advocated for different strategies to be used as instructional

methods for students improved performance. Low performing students have been urged to try

different methods to identify which one suits them so as to embrace it to increase

productivity. Constructivists based approaches are methods which students can use to

improve their comprehension level. These strategy uses schemes where the student is actively

History 3

involved in interpretation and learning of new words, phrases and information (McNamara,

2007).

The use of phonic based strategies enables the students to understand the information

and can represent it in graphical charts. Reading guides are provided by the educators so as to

cater to help when following the instructions. By use of the graphs students can give opinions

of how they can interpret the graphs since ideas and opinions vary according to ones

dimension which makes students understand the topic well hence improved comprehension

(Tompkins, 2010).

McNamara (2007) claims that, another strategy is mixing up of information by

sampling words from the read text so as to help student memorize the text. The different

words obtained from the text are then used to construct phrases and sentences, this helps in

understanding the words that helps students to understand text read. Emphasizing helps

improve comprehension in many student since the word keeps ringing in their mind.

Tutors should also engage their students in writing, either summary of stories read,

short notes of given texts as well as noting of keywords. Writing helps one’s mind to

concentrate on the text when reading so as to come up with a point or with a correct summary

of the read text. When students are requested to write notes or summary, it requires them to

compress information from the whole text to few meaningful lines that carries the full

information of the text as a whole. This strategy helps improve comprehension thus

improving productivity (Buehl, 2008).

Issuing of reading guides can help in increasing comprehension level. Reading guides

contain short notes divided into categories such as themes, characters, styles of narration,

persona, and audience. These can help the students to understand more the whole text and

understand the main aim of the text given (Tompkins, 2010). Mostly poems use this method

History 4

of sampling it, helping students sample item by item so as connection can be made in a

simpler manner which could help students understand the stanzas of the poem. Reading

guides has been approved to be of help to both teachers and students (McNamara, 2007).

Reading sessions in classrooms is a good practise which is helps all the students to

listen and concentrate if the teacher is reading as the students listen, or a certain student is

reading and the class is listening. Listening improves concentration and increases

comprehension level. Encouraging reading among students helps them to be confident which

boosts comprehension ability. Comprehending of the narratives, poems and texts comes from

reading and understanding them (Buehl, 2008).

Different strategies work well for different individuals hence the teacher would

different strategies at different occasions. This breaks the monotony of using the same

strategy repeatedly which is boring to the students. Mixing of strategies makes learning

dynamic hence improved level of comprehension. When the teachers understand their

students then it is easy to identify which strategies are effective for any given text, narrative

or poems. Learning how to read fluently helps one to understand any given text hence one

can be able to perform different tasks as required by the teacher. Understanding guarantees

improvement in the comprehension level of the whole topic given as well as increased

productivity.

History 5

Reference

Buehl, D (2008) Classroom Strategies for Interactive Learning, International Reading Assoc,

publishers, pp 4

Freppon, P. A., & McIntyre, E. (1999). A comparison of young children learning to read in

different instructional settings. Journal of Educational Research, 92(4), 206-217.

McNamara, D (2007) Reading comprehension strategies: theories, interventions, and

technologies, Rutledge publisher’s pp 277

Tompkins, G. (2010). Literacy for the 21st century: A balanced approach (5th Ed.). Upper

Saddle River, NJ: Merrill/Prentice Hall. (Chapters 8, 9, 12)

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APA- sample Comprehension Strategies

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