Assessing Effect Of Road Accidents On The Road Users

Running head: HEALTHCARE 1

Assessing Effect of Road Accidents on the Road Users

Student

Institutional Affiliation

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Abstract

The article was instrumental in investigating the temporal trends involving the

incidences, mortality, disability, and the costs attached to the healthcare processes. Road traffic

injuries are determined in enhancing the critical elements involved in the processes. The

considerations of the projected outcomes were perceived to be necessary for enhancing the

change processes. Trauma is anticipated in delivering the required elements that are essential in

overcoming the possibility of hospitalization. Driver aggression is considered one of the most

significant causes of concern among the players. The information suggested that the score was

equal between both the male and female drivers. The data collected on the temporal trends have

been described to be instrumental in seeking the relationship between the rising cases of

accidents involved in the stratified processes involved in the research process. The capability of

the injuries increasing the injury rates might be rising among the road users that are considered

vulnerable.

Keywords: Injuries, hospitalization, driver aggression, trauma

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Introduction

Road accidents have been a significant public health issue in Australia. The injuries

emanating from the accidents have been considered one of the major causes of injury-related

hospital admissions. Deaths have also been resulting from the incidences. Trauma rising from the

accidents has been in the position of causing hospitalization among the victims (Beck, Cameron,

Fitzgerald, Judson, Teague, Lyons, & Gabbe, 2017). The likelihood rising from the injuries have

been considered a significant element of non-fatal injury that needs to be considered as a priority.

Driver aggression is considered one of the most significant causes of concern among the

players. The information suggested that the score was equal among both the male and female

driver (Beck, Cameron, Fitzgerald, Judson, Teague, Lyons, & Gabbe, 2017). Prevention

strategies need to be aimed at the process of attaining the required procedures that are considered

essential in the required aspects. The data collected on the temporal trends have been described

to be instrumental in seeking the relationship between the rising cases of accidents involved in

the stratified processes involved in the research process.

The capability of the injuries increasing the injury rates might be rising among the road

users that are considered vulnerable. The vulnerable road users have been classified to include

pedal cyclists, pedestrians, and motorcyclists. The study, therefore, focused on the investigation

of the significant trauma and fatalities that have been reported in Victoria between 2007 and

2015 (Pettigrew, Talati, & Norman, 2018). It focused on the temporal trends that relate to the

incidences that are associated with the traffic-related trauma, mortality, as well as the health loss

for the different road users.

Research Question

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How do the road traffic accidents affect the service provision at the healthcare

department? How does the increased number of road traffic accidents affect the capability of the

firms to meet the required aspects?

Objectives of the study

The study was aimed at investigating the costs associated with healthcare issues aimed at

addressing the injuries emanating from the road accidents. It would be instrumental in ensuring

that the required aspects are developed in developing the required responses in dealing with the

changing aspects.

Methodology

The study revolved around the retrospective review of the road traffic deaths as well as

the cases. The data used was involved in describing the change process that has been reported in

the effort to address the challenges facing the people involved. The satisfaction of the established

criteria is instrumental in defining the severity of the injuries drawn in the process of attaining

the critical objectives.

Worsening cases of trauma emanating from road accidents have made it necessary for the

people to be admitted into the intensive care units for a duration that exceeds 24 hours. Some

injuries have required urgent surgery that has been used in describing the efforts that have been

made in the needed outcomes (Pettigrew, Talati, & Norman, 2018). Consideration of the data

concerning the collection of the prehospital and acute care data that have been involved in

collecting prehospital sensitive care data.

The longer-term functional outcomes and the information concerning health status

information for the patients surviving the injuries until hospital discharge. The cases relating to

the road traffic accidents cases have been recorded to occur in major public roads, highways, and

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streets. Patients injured in the accidents reported beyond the scope were not included in the

study. The various road users are defined as vehicle occupants, bicyclists, motorcyclists,

pedestrians as well as heavy vehicle drivers.

Statistical Analysis

A comparison was made on the data of road users and the appropriate Mann-Whitney

tests. Population-based incidence rates were established to raise the confidence interval at about

95% (Etehad et al., 2015). The values were calculated on an annual basis. Individual Poisson

regression was models were used to determine if the incidence rates have increased or decreased.

Descriptive Statistics

Data were checked for possible overdispersion in the event where the variance was more

significant than the mean. The aspect was essential in ensuring that all the assumptions covered

were included in the Poisson distribution. Significance levels were placed at 5% thus the reason

for accepting the null hypothesis (Anjuman, Hasanat-E-Rabbi, Siddiqui, & Hoque, 2019).

Weights calculation for each injury groups paid attention to each respondent. Age normalization

was carried out to realize the intended value.

Inferential Statistics

Proxy responses from the immediate relations presented information in enhancing the

change processes. Generation of the short-term disability weights that sought to the 24 months. It

was thus crucial about the further calculations being described in the process of attaining the

critical objectives. Assessment of the extent of the trauma is, therefore, instrumental in

determining the level of injury faced by the road user.

Result

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The period under study registered a great deal of road traffic-related fatalities and trauma.

Local hospitals played a critical role in ensuring that the records were accessible. The figures

recorded include 2028 prehospital deaths and 7032 hospitalizations arising from significant

injury. Motor vehicle occupants contributed to about 50% of all the cases that involved the

primary evidence of trauma. Motorcyclists accounted for 18.8% of the total number. Pedal

cyclists, on the other hand, accounts for about 11.1%. Pedestrians accounted for about 14.3 of

all the reported cases that involved hospitalization for significant trauma. Other road users

additionally contributed to about 0.7% of all the instances said.

The incidences numbers did not change during the study. However, a significant decline

over the subsequent years implied that the local communities needed to exert themselves on the

processes that involved looking for solutions that could resonate with the local road users.

Statistically, significant change is, however, absent meaning that the decline cannot have a direct

effect on the productivity of the affected families (Bener, Çatan, Bolat, Yildirim, & Crundall,

2016). It, however, contributed heavily to the efforts that were made towards assessing the

prevailing situations that are necessary for building the appropriate environment. Arising

fatalities, on the other hand, remain constant across the study period.

Driver aggression was established as the most significant cause of the accidents on the

major roads within Victoria. The cases affected mostly drivers that were below the age of 25

years (Coomber, Mayshak, Curtis, & Miller, 2017). Disregard to the traffic laws seemed stylish,

and they mostly thought it necessary to overlook the provided excerpts that were intended to

address the fundamental problems. Majority of the affected drivers were males. They did not

have the capability of responding politely to the situations that needed to consider the safety of

the other road users.

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Such actions were, therefore, essential pointers to the effects that would have been

instrumental in causing the deeply lying problems that required a permanents solution. The

young drivers increased the accident factor by about 0.621 of all the major causes of the

accidents across Victoria (Coomber, Mayshak, Curtis, & Miller, 2017). The thrill attached to the

possibility of accepting risk were some of the most excellent drivers of the change processes that

involved the processes that increased the risk indexes on the roads.

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Figure 1: Projected Data Comparisons

Discussion

The study investigated the burden caused by road traffic injuries for the period identified.

The incidents involving the hospitalization of the different occupants resonated with the

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increased cost of healthcare services sought by the caregivers. The estimated cost of health loss

was, therefore, placed at about $14 billion during the period under study (Anjuman, Hasanat-E-

Rabbi, Siddiqui, & Hoque, 2019). The burden of injuries caused by the road related accidents

pointed to the processes that are involved in the process of establishing the real concerns.

Australia is well known for its successful efforts to improve road safety elements (Etehad et al.,

2015). The interventions include legislation that is necessary for enforcing the compulsory use of

seat belts, the prohibition of drink- driving, targeted public safety campaigns as well as the lower

speed limits.

The efforts have been useful in reducing the mortality rates seen to affect the roads.

However, the findings of the change processes are described with the projected outcomes that are

determined in ensuring that the necessary elements are established appropriately. Organizations

aimed at reducing the impact of the accidents is designed in providing that the essential items

that are created in defining the change elements that are determined in describing the change

process. Low follow-up rates worsened the presented conditions that are aimed at defining the

projected outcomes that are determined in defining the expected elements (Pettigrew, Talati, &

Norman, 2018). The biasness is instrumental in deciding aspect that was discovered in enhanced

prospects that are determined to address the projected outcomes.

Limitations

The study involved a denominator that resonated with calculating the denominator of the

survey. It is crucial for the processes that are determined in seeking the required aspects that are

identified in drawing the appropriate elements that are destined in ensuring that the required

approaches. Correct exposure was instrumental in exposing the incidence rates and changes over

time. The capability of informing the public policy can help deliver the required outcomes that

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are determined in ensuring that the projected results that are anticipated about the anticipated

issues. The study experienced difficulties that resonated with the recognition of the defined

processes that are involved in associating the expected change. Such a process will be

instrumental in seeking the necessary elements that are described in the long-term.

Conclusion

The total costs of health loss have been instrumental in crippling the economy of

Victoria. Road traffic injuries have the capability that disabled elements are determined in

enhancing the change processes. The changing incidences of hospitalization have been identified

to change the prospects involved in the assessment of the projected factors that are perceived to

be instrumental in saving the roads from adverse effects. Disability aspects are delivered in the

opportunities that are determined in providing the change processes that are enhanced with the

elements. The study was, therefore, instrumental in giving the prospects that are discovered in

examining the efforts that need to be laid down in establishing the critical changes that are

involved in the cases of the accidents.

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References

Anjuman, T., Hasanat-E-Rabbi, S., Siddiqui, C. K. A., & Hoque, M. M. (2019). Road traffic

accident: A leading cause of the global burden of public health injuries and fatalities.

In Proc Int Conf Mech Eng Dhaka Bangladesh. 200AD Dec (pp. 29-31).

Beck, B., Cameron, P. A., Fitzgerald, M. C., Judson, R. T., Teague, W., Lyons, R. A., & Gabbe,

B. J. (2017). Road safety: serious injuries remain a major unsolved problem. Medical

Journal of Australia, 207(6), 244-249.

Bener, A., Çatan, F., Bolat, E., Yildirim, E., & Crundall, D. (2016). Misuse of mobile phone

conversation while driving: Driver distraction a major public health problem. The

Nigerian Journal of General Practice, 14(2), 17.

Coomber, K., Mayshak, R., Curtis, A., & Miller, P. G. (2017). Awareness and correlates of

short‐term and long‐term consequences of alcohol use among Australian

drinkers. Australian and New Zealand journal of public health, 41(3), 237-242.

Etehad, H., Yousefzadeh-Chabok, S., Davoudi-Kiakalaye, A., Moghadam, D. A., Hemati, H., &

Mohtasham-Amiri, Z. (2015). Impact of road traffic accidents on the elderly. Archives of

gerontology and geriatrics, 61(3), 489-493.

Pettigrew, S., Talati, Z., & Norman, R. (2018). The health benefits of autonomous vehicles:

public awareness and receptivity in Australia. Australian and New Zealand journal of

public health, 42(5), 480-483.

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