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Collaborative Working in Practice on Caesarean Section 1

COLLABORATIVE WORKING IN PRACTICE ON CAESEREAN SECTION

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Collaborative Working in Practice on Caesarean Section 2

Introduction

Does collaboration with working enhance teamwork and improve performance? It has been

difficult for companies, organizations owned by government and private sectors workers to

collaborate in doing a certain job, (Brown, and Duguid, 2000). Even though not all are unwilling,

a large percentage of them do not like sharing with others according to the recent researches and

different books written by various authors, (Black, Harrison, and Lee, 2003). For collaborative

working to take place, there is need enforcement of policies to each organization despite what they

have planned, (Boulos, Maramba, and Wheeler, 2006). It is through working together where people

go far rather than the idea of a one person. Collaborative working need to be practiced by health

organizations, nurses, and theatres. This is because these are areas which are very sensitive.

There are advantages associated with the professionals from different ranks, (Boulos, Maramba,

and Wheeler, 2006). To mention a few points, collaborative working enhances team spirit and

positive attitudes towards working as a group, (CLEGG, and BRYAN, 2006). To add on, it leads

to mass production of quality products. On the side of health centers, the collaboration leads to the

production of quality services. This is achieved by working together through collaboration to

achieve a common goal and help in realizing of ones’ field, (Gil et al., 2007). In addition,

collaborative working practice improves the well-being of the patients in the hospitals despite the

illness one is suffering from, (Reay, and Hinings, 2009). Collaborative working has become an

essential part of different organizations and health centers which are mostly being affected by lack

of collaboration, (Huxham, and Vangen, 2013). This paper will mainly focus on advantages of

collaborative working especially in nursing field, midwifery, during practice when carrying out

cesarean section in which the overview of all what happened is in appendix 1. To maintain the

Collaborative Working in Practice on Caesarean Section 3

confidentiality of the patients, no name of the patients or the member of the collaborative working

team was mentioned.

Collaborative Working Especially in Nursing Field during Practice when Dealing with

Caesarean Section

It is only advisable for welfare, health officers and finally profession to engage themselves

in collaboration if it is advantageous. For instance, the collaboration must be cheap enough for

easy attaining of the planned goals, (Boulos, Maramba, and Wheeler, 2006). In addition, the

collaboration is supposed to be meaningful, and accountable. Despite the challenges experienced

during the performance of the daily duties, the experience was positive as a lot of positive things

compared to one and two negatives were achieved, see appendix 1 below. This is ascertained by

the following points; the satisfaction of the doing the work was increased and reduction of the

workloads as opposed to when the job is being performed by one person, (Lindeke, and Sieckert,

2005). In addition, the patients who were being attended increased from one to the other when

compared to when there was no collaboration in working.

When the experience was linked with the theory of power, the two were carried out

normally and in addition there was no any power struggle, (Boulos, Maramba, and Wheeler, 2006).

It was observed, the leaders having the highest positions in the acute center were highly

collaborative as the working involved sensitive part where one’s life is always on their hand, (Polit,

and Beck, 2008). For this reason, the patients’ needs and problems that is the expectant mothers,

were solved amicably and as expected. From the observation and the motivation which was present

it showed that there were no disagreements between the leaders, the team working spirit increased,

Collaborative Working in Practice on Caesarean Section 4

(Lindeke, and Sieckert, 2005). This is because the results reflected what the panels of professionals

should do, (Polit, and Beck, 2008). Furthermore, the collaboration was positive and it encouraged

the team workers from achieving their set goals. According to the researchers on collaborative

working practice, the collaboration met what a team is able to achieve. Even though the

collaboration leaders differed from one aspect to another, those having passion in the field

continued doing marvelous through giving out of assistance where they can, (Boulos, Maramba,

and Wheeler, 2006), and this helped the working team members to achieve little by caring the sick

expectant and those who need their situation to be managed, (Ten Cate, and Scheele, 2007). This

was done by extra-volunteering oneself to save people having final stages of giving birth. By the

help of this theory of power, the frustration of the patients which was there before, it was

legitimized and possible solutions were found which assisted in easing and solving the situation at

hand, (Lindeke, and Sieckert, 2005). If the leaders were not in good terms, the major issues like

managing the expectant mothers during their delivery and sick ones would have been a major

threat to achieving the goals as a group and an individual.

In addition, during the collaborative working, different leaders having different ranks in

the offices are grouped together without distinction, (Boulos, Maramba, and Wheeler, 2006).

Through this hierarchy, the team worked smoothly. This is because the leaders respected each

other, (Mold, and Peterson, 2005). This helped the collaborative working practice team to attend

many patients, expectant mothers. Furthermore, those who were admitted due to their heavy

situation well cared, (San Martín-Rodríguez et al., 2005). Also, the ones who were seeking for help

on how to manage their pregnancy were given pieces of advice by professionals on what they are

supposed to do especially on what they should take as their meal and what they should

avoid, (Mold, and Peterson, 2005). This was done to make sure the in-borne baby is safe and free

Collaborative Working in Practice on Caesarean Section 5

from any disease and also to ease the delivery when the time comes, (Boulos, Maramba, and

Wheeler, 2006). For example, they were told to avoid foods containing proteins such as raw meat,

eggs, and vegetables which are unwashed, (Boulos, Maramba, and Wheeler, 2006). On the other

hand, they were told to take the following foods necessary for enhancing the growth of the baby

and at the same time maintaining the body the body of the mother, (Boulos, Maramba, and

Wheeler, 2006). For instance, by taking beverages which give the baby nutrients and calories.

Despite the smooth working as explained in the appendix below, the way the information

was passed was not the best at the beginning before the changes were enforced. This resulted in

the poor working together with results, (Mold, and Peterson, 2005). This hindered the team

working spirit by lowering it. As the way information is passed differs from one organization to

the other, the person who was in charge of passing the intended and vital information to the

collaborative working group members lacked the channels to use so that the information can reach

the targeted group, (Boulos, Maramba, and Wheeler, 2006). In addition, the personnel did not hold

any meeting to solve the problem and this made the team not to do what is expected of them, (Polit,

and Beck, 2008). According to the research theories, (San Martín-Rodríguez et al., 2005), if the

communication in any organization, the working becomes difficult thereby leading to the laxity of

working members.

Furthermore, there was involvement of the users during the delivery of the services. This

enhanced and improved our working among the team members, (Leonard, Graham, and Bonacum,

2004). This involved enabled us as collaborative working members in practice to realize our

mistakes thus working hard to improve on them, (San Martín-Rodríguez et al., 2005). In relation

to the Kirkup document, the involvement was helpful and made us gain a lot of knowledge by

Collaborative Working in Practice on Caesarean Section 6

realizing and correcting our mistakes, (Mold, and Peterson, 2005). The work was sensitive so there

was a need to pay attention to what is by the expectant mothers and those who were coming to

seek advice concerning cesarean section. Through this, (Leonard, Graham, and Bonacum, 2004),

the goals of the organization and those of the individuals were in a good position to be achieved,

(Leonard, Graham, and Bonacum, 2004). This is because all that it had to take for them to be

achieved was available.

In addition, power struggle and difference in leadership roles are common causes of

conflicts and problems in multidisciplinary collaborative working team members and they hinder

effective working thus poor delivery of services to the patients, (San Martín-Rodríguez et al.,

2005). From the research theory, power means the ability for one in charge of others to have

mandate of controlling them, (Leonard, Graham, and Bonacum, 2004). It is evident true that,

power structure in a team does not only hinder on how communication is passed through from one

person to another, (Leonard, Graham, and Bonacum, 2004), but also in any arguments about a

certain issue over care and how the processes should be carried out may deliberately fail to

reinforce this power struggles, (Leonard, Graham, and Bonacum, 2004), and conflicts instead of

promoting significant and effective discussion.

Collaborative Working in Practice on Caesarean Section 7

Finally, in the working team, the tribalism which has been a barrier for most health centers

was not achieved. Every patient in our organization was well attended without being discriminated

because of her different tribe, (Leonard, Graham, and Bonacum, 2004). Also, among the

collaborative members in practice were mixed up and nothing was practiced but instead we lived

as brothers and sisters, (San Martín-Rodríguez et al., 2005). This enabled us to share more and ask

each other question where one feels weak and not understanding, (Mold, and Peterson, 2005). The

same applied to the patients and they felt loved and free to ask what they want because there was

surety of a positive reply, (Leonard, Graham, and Bonacum, 2004). Linking this to the research

theory, it is clear that what was being done during that time was positive and direct to what a

successful team should do.

The reflective section about Models Learned during the Collaborative Working Practice

during Cesarean Section Surgical Operation

From the experience gotten from the collaborative working during the practice was

positive. For instance, a lot was gained during the experience like acquiring more knowledge on

how C-section is carried out and how leadership affects the performance of a group to mention a

few, (San Martín-Rodríguez et al., 2005). From this, it is clear that working as a group is more

advantageous than working alone where much work will be available for you and in addition lots

of thoughts leading to the building of stress and negative attitude towards people, (Leonard,

Graham, and Bonacum, 2004). To add on, every member participated fully during the surgical

operation through giving out which was being asked by the doctor in charge, (Boulos, Maramba,

and Wheeler, 2006). This improved ones’ knowledge on the equipment necessary for a certain

operation.

Collaborative Working in Practice on Caesarean Section 8

Lastly, working as a group has it disadvantages if there are disagreements among the

working partners, (Mold, and Peterson, 2005). For example getting negative credits due to poor

performance makes one face difficulties when finding a new job, (Boulos, Maramba, and Wheeler,

2006). To conclude this reflection model, one has to pay great attention when working as a team

and plead for peace and together in case of disagreements, (Mold, and Peterson, 2005). This will

help him or her from getting a new job easily, (Polit, and Beck, 2008). If during the Cesarean

Section scenario there was any problem for example the mother did not deliver live baby and they

both during the process because of the careless mistakes made by the doctor in charge, (Polit, and

Beck, 2008), the history of the whole group would have negative and getting a newly job could

be extremely difficult.

The importance of this reflective model is that, it showed the ability of individuals together

with their efforts in maintaining a health practice and realizing one’s mistakes and weaknesses.

Also, it assisted in exploring the importance of working as a group and finally developing future

needs. Furthermore, it helped in keeping confidential between the patients and the working

members in the group. This is ascertained by the way the collaborative members did not mention

any name of the patient thus maintain the code of conduct according to NMC, which requires

confidentiality to be respected by not mentioning names.

Collaborative Working in Practice on Caesarean Section 9

What Learnt from Collaborative Working during Practice, Reasons behind, and how to

Transfer them into practice

From this module, it was learned that collaborative working is essential and vital for an

organization and individuals. This is ascertained by the following reasons. As a group one easily

identifies his or her weaknesses and works towards improving them, (Polit, and Beck, 2008). For

instance, if one is unable to carry out a C-section surgical operation he or she gains courage by

looking the person in charge what is doing and what others are acting towards it, positively,

(Leonard, Graham, and Bonacum, 2004). Also, one gains enough experience thus able to lead

others in doing such operations, cesarean section, (Polit, and Beck, 2008). In addition, when

working as a group, (Mold, and Peterson, 2005), the goals are easily achieved provided the team

members are agreeing on doing every activity and taking it positively, (Scardamalia, and Bereiter,

2006). For instance, during the C-section operation of the expectant mother, all went well and

there were no problems associated with the surgical operation.

Furthermore, if the team is not working in the same direction, nothing positive can be

achieved, (Leonard, Graham, and Bonacum, 2004). This only causes confusion and poor delivery

of services to the patients who are in need of the help, (Mold, and Peterson, 2005). For instance,

in the beginning, there were no clear lines of passing information and the activities which were

supposed to be done were dragged backward, (Polit, and Beck, 2008). This was mostly felt by the

expectant mothers who were coming for help and going back without being helped. In order to

transfer the above lessons into practice, the following must be upheld, (Polit, and Beck, 2008),

first by practicing them in any case and any place where am needed to deliver the services of C-

Collaborative Working in Practice on Caesarean Section 10

section operations, (Mold, and Peterson, 2005). Through this, (Mold, and Peterson, 2005), I would

gain enough knowledge, courage, and confidence thus to stand in a position of being a quality and

qualified personnel.

Lastly, I would ensure the means of transferring the information for each department and

group of working members is improved by assigning duties correctly and giving instruction to the

person who is supposed to pass information in an electronic way, (Mold, and Peterson, 2005). This

will help in alerting everyone about is supposed to be done before the end of the activity in hand.

This, in turn, (Mold, and Peterson, 2005), will help in achieving the goals of individuals and the

organization in an easy way.

Effects of Working Together: What is good and not so good about Working Collaboratively

and Reasons behind?

Working together collaboratively has both positive and negative result. On the positive

side, working collectively equips one with enough knowledge of how things should be done

without going for the lesson, (Jagosh et al., 2012). For instance, in the midwifery field especially

on carrying out cesarean section operations, one knows what should be done in a procedural way

on how it should be done, (Bereiter, and Scardamalia, 2003). Also, one knows the right equipment

which is needed for the operation to be successful, (Jagosh et al., 2012). In addition, one is in a

better position to know the medications needed to maintain the mother healthy after delivering,

(Mold, and Peterson, 2005).

Collaborative Working in Practice on Caesarean Section 11

Furthermore, one’s and organizations set goals both short and millennium are achieved

without any problems as opposed to individual working where one is depending on himself or

herself, (Mold, and Peterson, 2005). Through this, the organization's performance is highly rated

and acquires positive picture in different parts of the world, (Jagosh et al., 2012). It is only through

this where the development of the health center is enhanced and improved.

Lastly, the collaborative is beneficial to an individual member because it reduces the

workload, tiredness and at the same time stress, (Bereiter, and Scardamalia, 2003). The stresses of

the individuals are relieved by working till the completion of the task without leaving it for a

specific person, (San Martín-Rodríguez et al., 2005). When this is done, one goes home without

thinking the work he or she has left. The same way the tiredness and boredom are solved when

the whole work is done as a team, (Bereiter, and Scardamalia, 2003). On the other hand, working

as a collaborative team has its own disadvantages. For instance, if there are disagreements among

the working members, one may get negative credits thus unable to get work in most health centers,

(San Martín-Rodríguez et al., 2005). To add on, the organization starts to get fewer patients,

expectant mothers due to the poor results achieved, (Bereiter, and Scardamalia, 2003). In addition

to this, one is not in a position to achieve his or her set goals due to the negative credits got from

previous work, (San Martín-Rodríguez et al., 2005). In connection to the service users that is the

mothers who are to undergo C-section are not served accordingly and this puts their life in danger

and others end up collapsing due to heavyweight and some end up giving birth to dead babies.

Collaborative Working in Practice on Caesarean Section 12

Conclusion

In summary, collaborative working in practice is of great importance. It is not beneficial to

the mothers undergoing C-section surgical operations but also to the collaborative working team

and the health organization itself. Despite the challenges associated with the team working

members as explained above, it is necessary when it comes to easy and faster achievement of the

goals. By referring advantages gotten by working as a team, it is my hope that every health center

will start working as a team to save the lives of the patients and improve the situation of the

working individuals such as stress, boredom, and tiredness. It is my hope that everyone will love

working as a collaborative team because there are a lot of significances associated with it as

explained above.

Collaborative Working in Practice on Caesarean Section 13

Referencing List

Bereiter, C. and Scardamalia, M., 2003. Learning to work creatively with knowledge. Powerful

learning environments: Unravelling basic components and dimensions, pp.55-68.

Brown, J. and Duguid, P., 2000. Organizational learning and communities of practice: Toward a

unified view of working, learning, and innovation. In Knowledge and communities (pp. 99-

121).

Black, P., Harrison, C. and Lee, C., 2003. Assessment for learning: Putting it into practice.

McGraw-Hill Education (UK).

Boulos, M.N.K., Maramba, I. and Wheeler, S., 2006. Wikis, blogs and podcasts: a new generation

of Web-based tools for virtual collaborative clinical practice and education. BMC medical

education, 6(1), p.41.

CLEGG, K. and BRYAN, C., 2006. Introduction. In Innovative Assessment in Higher

Education (pp. 21-28). Routledge.

Gil, Y., Deelman, E., Ellisman, M., Fahringer, T., Fox, G., Gannon, D., Goble, C., Livny, M.,

Moreau, L. and Myers, J., 2007. Examining the challenges of scientific

workflows. Computer, 40(12).

Huxham, C. and Vangen, S., 2013. Managing to collaborate: The theory and practice of

collaborative advantage. Routledge.

Jagosh, J., Macaulay, A.C., Pluye, P., Salsberg, J., Bush, P.L., Henderson, J., Sirett, E., Wong, G.,

Cargo, M., Herbert, C.P. and Seifer, S.D., 2012. Uncovering the benefits of participatory

research: implications of a realist review for health research and practice. The Milbank

Quarterly, 90(2), pp.311-346.

Collaborative Working in Practice on Caesarean Section 14

Johnson, A., Young, D. and Reilly, J.V., 2006. Caesarean section surgical site infection

surveillance. Journal of Hospital Infection, 64(1), pp.30-35.

Lavender, T., Hofmeyr, G.J., Neilson, J.P., Kingdon, C. and Gyte, G.M., 2006. Caesarean section

for non-medical reasons at term. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 3.

Leonard, M., Graham, S. and Bonacum, D., 2004. The human factor: the critical importance of

effective teamwork and communication in providing safe care. BMJ Quality &

Safety, 13(suppl 1), pp.i85-i90.

Lindeke, L. and Sieckert, A., 2005. Nurse-physician workplace collaboration. Online Journal of

Issues in Nursing, 10(1).

Mold, J.W. and Peterson, K.A., 2005. Primary care practice-based research networks: working at

the interface between research and quality improvement. The Annals of Family

Medicine, 3(suppl 1), pp.S12-S20.

Polit, D.F. and Beck, C.T., 2008. Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing

practice. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Reay, T. and Hinings, C.R., 2009. Managing the rivalry of competing institutional

logics. Organization studies, 30(6), pp.629-652..

Robson, C. and McCartan, K., 2016. Real world research. John Wiley & Sons.

Scardamalia, M. and Bereiter, C., 2006. Knowledge building. The Cambridge.

San Martín-Rodríguez, L., Beaulieu, M.D., D'Amour, D. and Ferrada-Videla, M., 2005. The

determinants of successful collaboration: a review of theoretical and empirical

studies. Journal of interprofessional care, 19(sup1), pp.132-147.

Ten Cate, O. and Scheele, F., 2007. Competency-based postgraduate training: can we bridge the

gap between theory and clinical practice?. Academic Medicine, 82(6), pp.542-547.

Collaborative Working in Practice on Caesarean Section 15

Wagner, M., 2000. Choosing caesarean section. The Lancet, 356(9242), pp.1677-1680.

Collaborative Working in Practice on Caesarean Section 16

Appendix 1

Overview of what Happened during the Collaborative Working in Practice when carrying

out Cesarean Section

During the collaborative working practice, different patients underwent cesarean section in

order to deliver their babies safely. The process was done by a group of doctors assisting each other

in giving out the instrument required. In this process, different instruments required were availed

to ensure the safety of the operation and delivery of quality work, (Jagosh et al., 2012). Before the

Caesarean section begun to the women who were to be attended, their blood was taken, (Wagner

2000). This was carried out to know the type of blood has so that in case of any problem during

the surgery the right type of blood can found if there is a need, (Johnson, Young, and Reilly, 2006).

To add on, the patients who were to deliver that day were counseled on the advantages and

disadvantages of various methods of delivery, (Johnson, Young, and Reilly, 2006). They were

informed that, when one undergoes cesarean section for the first time, (Lavender et al., 2006), next

time she may deliver the baby through vagina provided there will be no complications associated

with either her or the baby, (Johnson, Young, and Reilly, 2006). Also, some women had some

questions before the start of the blood testing and C-section, (Lavender et al., 2006). For instance,

one of the women asked whether the process will hurt her but the feedback from the team was

positive, (Johnson, Young, and Reilly, 2006). The nurse who was in-charge of the conversation

told the woman that the process does not hurt but one feels what is going on, (Johnson, Young, and

Reilly, 2006). In addition, other questions like whether the process takes a long or short period of

time if the mother takes long to recover from the wounds, and if there are complications when one

undergoes cesarean section were asked, (Johnson, Young, and Reilly, 2006). In reply to the above

questions every participant, working team gave a positive response even if they are problems,

Collaborative Working in Practice on Caesarean Section 17

(Polit, and Beck, 2008). During this time, the patients, expectant mothers, were contained in one

room waiting for the surgery as directed by respective professionals.

The surgery of the expectant mothers was scheduled the following morning at exactly 8:00

am and this is what happened. As it was advised by the team working members, that morning the

expectant mothers got fully prepared to undergo the cesarean section, (Johnson, Young, and Reilly,

2006). The waiting room that morning was filled with women who are not comfortable due to their

labor pains and some were grasping their assistants’ arms in a painful way, (Johnson, Young, and

Reilly, 2006). Thirty minutes every woman was moved into their respective and private rooms.

Also, they were given ‘hospital blues’ were they were supposed to slip in to, (Wagner 2000). The

women were given an IV to make themselves hydrant, (Johnson, Young, and Reilly, 2006). During

this time, every member of the collaborative working group assembled himself or herself ready to

get started. This was done as a team through collaboration and every mother felt happy by the way

the collaborative team were ready to help, (Wagner 2000). The team had communicating signs

which were used during the surgical operation, (Lavender et al., 2006), because the room is always

maintained quiet.

Due to a large number of working partners, the expectant mothers who were taken to their

private rooms were accompanied by a group of doctors and one who is to take the responsibility

of ensuring the delivery of the baby, (Johnson, Young, and Reilly, 2006). To the group I was, the

doctor in charge of us, the catheter was inserted to the bladder, (Wagner 2000), of the woman who

was to undergo the operation because she was unable to walk for some time and then the

preparation kicked off. Then what followed was poking up the belly of the mother to make her

Collaborative Working in Practice on Caesarean Section 18

numb and cutting off of the stomach to open it, (Wagner 2000). Even though there are different

types of C-section delivery of the baby, the room I was this was what happened. The doctor who

was in charge of us did the work efficiently because what was required was availed by us,

collaborative team working members.

Within few minutes the baby of the expectant mother whom we were attending came out.

Her wounds were then redressed, (Wagner 2000). During the process of redressing the wounds,

the following were monitored, maximum attention was paid to make sure nothing is left inside the

patient’s stomach, (Johnson, Young, and Reilly, 2006). In addition, due to different layers which

were to be redressed, each layer was well redressed and further assessed whether it can result in to

problems, (Johnson, Young, and Reilly, 2006). Furthermore, the wounds were thoroughly cleaned

to avoid redressing the wounds with spots of blood which are dangerous to one’s healthy, (Johnson,

Young, and Reilly, 2006), after complete redressing.

After redressing, the baby of the mother who was at that time feeling herself was placed in

her chest. From the look of the things, the mother of the baby was amazed and filled with love

because of the save delivery, (Johnson, Young, and Reilly, 2006). After some minutes she was

taken to the recovery room to recover from the wounds and sleeping hours which was lost during

the labor pain, (Polit, and Beck, 2008). Before not long she started shaking and shivering due to

coldness but it was a normal act for women after going through a surgery when delivering,

(Johnson, Young, and Reilly, 2006). This was caused by either seeping of amniotic fluids into the

bloodstreams or presence of the IV fluids which are colder than the normal temperature of the

body.

As the mother whom we were attending was a first time delivery, she was unable to roll

over her bed for the whole day without any assistance, (Johnson, Young, and Reilly, 2006). It was

Collaborative Working in Practice on Caesarean Section 19

our work as a team to make her comfortable and we assisted her as a group through shifts.

Everything worked perfectly for the lady and she was re-admitted and went home safely, (Johnson,

Young, and Reilly, 2006). The same to the other collaborative working members on other rooms

everything was done perfectly and the conditions of the mothers who had delivered during that

scheduled time were safe, (Johnson, Young, and Reilly, 2006). According to the Wagner 2000, the

collaborative team members in practice worked so smoothly despite the disagreements which were

happening before the start of the surgical operations and the best results that is, safe delivery was

done accordingly.

To sum up, on what happened during the cesarean surgical operation, before the patient,

the mother who gave birth through cesarean section, (Lavender et al., 2006), the doctor in charge

of us called a brief meeting to discuss about the merit result, (Johnson, Young, and Reilly, 2006).

It was said that, once the operation kicks off, all that it takes to make it successful should be availed,

(Lavender et al., 2006). The reason behind that was, to make sure both mother and the baby are

safe and nothing bad can occur to them such as the unexpected death of one or both of them,

(Johnson, Young, and Reilly, 2006). Each and every member was given a certificate of good work

we had performed, (Johnson, Young, and Reilly, 2006), and in addition, it stated our efforts and

how our operations apart from the cesarean section have been successful, (Johnson, Young, and

Reilly, 2006). After a while, the patient was permitted to go home and all of were left behind to

care about the other patients who were in need of our help especially in one’s field, (Johnson,

Young, and Reilly, 2006), midwifery.

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