Corruption | EssayIvy.com

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Corruption

Corruption is a phenomenon which occurs in any part of the world. In a narrow

sense, corruption is typically concerned with bribery, and it takes quite a lot of forms. This is an

unethical method used by different people all over the world to gain an advantage over others. In

today’s world, corruption is among the greatest influences hindering development and causing

difficulties in the realization of democracy. The growth of football in European nation is affected

by corruption adversely. Corruption creates discriminations in the distribution of salary and

wealth as well as reducing the government's income. It also affects the nation’s development,

socially, economically and politically. Corruption may often come in the form of sport and

politics, but it exists in many forms. Sportspersons on a quite systematic basis have been guilty

of corruption in match-fixing. They use unlawful practices to take advantage in soccer, and gain

extra money to acquire wealth.

One of the difficulties in studying corruption in football lies upon defining it. Being

unlawful act, corruption appears to be a semantic matter in football. The main reason for

choosing this chapter is because of the current soccer's culture of corruption. The issue of match-

fixing is more common today than ever which has drawn a lot of attention from the FIFA. The

unlawful act of match-fixing has made the game's future uncertain (Carpenter, 2012). Since I am

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doing a course on corruption, this chapter will equip me with enough knowledge and skills for

my future profession. Corruption is a phenomenon which requires a lot of attention in the

current soccer economy, and the sports professionals require to be thought about its impacts to

the economy.

In this chapter, the author examines the major types of corruption in football in order to

determine whether this corruption has destroyed fair play completely. The major types of

corruption examined by the author in this chapter include; match-fixing, bungs, and kickbacks.

Match fixing is the manipulation of the contingency or outcome by teams, managers, sports

agents, competitors, venue staff, referees, illegal sports betting, criminal organizations, which

includes: withdrawal from the game, deliberate under performance, predetermine its result in

order to make money from betting (Cashmore and Jamie, 2014). Players have earned a wage set

of about a third due to match-fixing more that the national average.

However, the surge in popularity of betting which spread in the year 1990s simplified

match-fixing. The author gives an example that if the bookmaker has an expectation that a

certain player will be booked by the referee after the first nine minutes; gamblers will, therefore,

place their bets against the eventuality. If the bookie will manage to bribe the player to in order

to do an offense will result in being booking, then the outcome is fixed. In all professional sport,

corruption is an invisible presence. This expansion of telecommunications and the spread of

gambling in the 1990s provided a stimulus to match-fixing (Hill, 2010).

In this chapter, the author details the match-fixing cases which have affected football in

European nations. The chapter gives an example of a memorable event in Italy where the

Totonero of the year 1982 ended in a ban of 50 years in total and a combination of 25 points

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deducted, and three years of suspension to Paoli Rossi a World Cup player. Corruption in

football also resulted to the demotion of Serie A clubs Fiorentina, Juventus, and Lazio to Serie B.

Fiorentina and Juventus were barred from playing in Champions league Lazio could not play in

UEFA Cup. This case involved the directors and their teams who were found guilty of match-

fixing. It was later confirmed that corruption was core part in the Italian football but not

opportunistic fixers (McNamee, 2013).

Nonetheless, it is due to match-fixing that led to the imprisonment of Tapie and Marseille

being stripped of the Ligue title, and then they were relegated. The evidence from the German

referee also uncovered the network of corruption which had been taking place in in the second,

third division and German cup linked to a gambling syndicate in Croatia. The referee received a

29-month jail in prison while the match-fixer, the owner of the syndicate received a 35-month

prison sentence (Cashmore and Jamie, 2014). It is due to the globalization of football that has

created an environment in which games gambling anywhere the world is relatively easy. From

the cases presented in the article, it is true that corruption and bribery have been part of football

culture as gambling.

However, in real football situation, some of which I have witnessed personally, managers

and club owners give out bribes in order to escape relegation or gain profits. Football is a

profession, and there have been reports of bookmakers trying to bribe footballers in order to gain

profits. Gambling-related fixing has been on the rise due to the way global football continues to

transform itself from its origin into a big business (Carpenter, 2012). Football is not only a sport

but a business as well which needs to generate income to both the players, owners, and the fans

through gambling. The growth in betting on football is one of the aspects that increased the

commercialization of sport.

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Corruption and bribery lead to different forms of crime. Since corruption breeds

corruption, it leads to the formation of organized criminal bookies that make use of their

financial power to break into football to intimidate. Match-fixing is an unlawful act which has

disciplinary consequences to all those who participate in planning it punishable by fine or

suspensions. This practice of match-fixing can be defended. Football history and today's status is

related to gambling like other major sports. Corruption in football has been used by many to

increase their income which is an unlawful way of acquiring wealth and punishable by law. All

those who have been found guilty of match-fixing have been dealt with by the law, and it has

affected the European nations mostly. All the case the author gave were from the European

nation which shows how corruption has been going on in those countries.

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Works cited

Carpenter, Kevin. "Match-Fixing—The Biggest Threat to Sport in the 21st

Century?." International sports law review 2.1 (2012): 13-24.

Cashmore, Ellis, and Jamie Cleland. Football's dark side: corruption, homophobia, violence and

racism in the beautiful game. Springer, 2014.

Hill, Declan. "A critical mass of corruption: why some football leagues have more match-fixing

than others." International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship 11.3 (2010):

38-52.

McNamee, Mike. "The integrity of sport: Unregulated gambling, match fixing and corruption."

(2013): 173-174.

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