Current Wired Wireless Infrastructure

Running Head: CURRENT WIRED/WIRELESS INFRASTRUCTURE 1

Current Wired Infrastructure and Recommended Improvements/Upgrades Report

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CURRENT WIRED/WIRELESS INFRASTRUCTURE 2

Table of Contents

Task 1: ......................................................................................................................................... 3

Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 3

Part 1.1: Current Appraisal of the Current Wired Network Infrastructure ................................. 4

1.1.1 Weaknesses of the Current Network .............................................................................. 5

1.1.2 Strengths ........................................................................................................................ 6

1.2 Suggested Upgrades .............................................................................................................. 6

1.3 Assumptions .......................................................................................................................... 7

1.4 Issues during the Design Phase ............................................................................................. 8

1.5 Logical Design for Proposed Network ............................................................................... 10

1.6 Physical Design for the Proposed Network ........................................................................ 11

1.7 Equipment and Cost List ..................................................................................................... 12

1.8 The cost of materials ........................................................................................................... 13

1.9 Network maintenance costs ................................................................................................ 13

1.10 Network Management ....................................................................................................... 14

Task 2 ........................................................................................................................................ 14

2.1 Proposed Scheme ................................................................................................................ 14

2.1.1 Assumptions ................................................................................................................. 15

2.2 Maximum Transfer Rate ..................................................................................................... 16

2.2.1 The Theoretical Maximum Transfer Rate .................................................................... 16

2.2.2 Likely Maximum Transfer Rate................................................................................... 17

2.2.3 Time to Transfer 20GB ................................................................................................ 17

2.2.4 Assumptions ................................................................................................................. 17

2.3 Improvements ..................................................................................................................... 18

2.4 Other Network Technologies .............................................................................................. 19

2.4.1 Dense Wavelength Division Multiplex ........................................................................ 19

2.4.2 Digitized spaces ........................................................................................................... 19

2.4.3 Machine learning ......................................................................................................... 20

2.5 Real Throughput Explanation ............................................................................................. 20

2.5.1 Reason One .................................................................................................................. 21

2.5.2 Reason Two ................................................................................................................. 21

Task 3: ........................................................................................................................................... 21

Part 3.1 Proposed Connection ................................................................................................... 21

3.2 Security Risks ......................................................................................................................... 22

3.2.1 Security Risk One ........................................................................................................ 22

3.2.2 Security Risk Two........................................................................................................ 22

3.2.3 Security Risk Three ...................................................................................................... 23

3.2.4 Integrity Protection ...................................................................................................... 23

3.3 Internet Access .................................................................................................................... 24

References ..................................................................................................................................... 25

CURRENT WIRED/WIRELESS INFRASTRUCTURE 3

Task 1:

Introduction

Modern Mouldings Company like any other the world over-relies heavily on information sharing

capabilities so that clients could be served efficiently and in a productive manner. However, it is

important to state that the business world is experiencing a paradigm shift to meet time-bound

demands. As such, the organization adopted a wired network approach through the use of

computer networking technologies that change over time (microsoft.com). Despite having two

options, the business organization in the past settled on the wired network due to reduced cost of

system installation and structured network that uses a network cable to connect computers rather

than adopting wireless networks that utilizes radio frequencies when connecting to computers

(Mathy and Frank, 2017).

One would obviously reiterate that wireless network is advantageous compared to the wired

networks, but to some point, each type of network has merits and demerits (Dan, 2008). For

instance, Modern Holdings Company has experienced consistent security and privacy threats that

are likely to increase in case a wireless system is adopted (infotel-systems.com). However, to

become competitive in the business, the organization has to embrace wireless technology as well

(Mathy and Frank, 2017). Meaning that the company will have to integrate both wired and

wireless networks to thrive in the volatile technology-oriented manufacturing/production market

arena (compnetworking.about.com).

CURRENT WIRED/WIRELESS INFRASTRUCTURE 4

Part 1.1: Current Appraisal of the Current Wired Network Infrastructure

The company in focus is Modern Mouldings. This is a rapidly expanding firm that produces

precision plastics and metallic moldings basically for commercial and industrial use. The main

departments within the company include accounts, sales, production, design, administration and

store/distribution. The current managing director is Mr. Alan Switchman, the man behind the

development especially in IT network systems to ease operations within respective departments

and the targeted clients (RF Wireless World, n. d). Nonetheless, it is important to mention that

the departments within the company own computing facilities that are based either on

Linux/Unix or old PCs that run on Windows operating systems. However, after the company

moved to new premises a year ago, the company received a government grant to modernize

existing network infrastructure, and also upgrade all its PCs (Dan, 2008).

The company management has agreed on the upgrading of all PC systems to the new models that

run Windows 10, the server system is not excluded. New server system that runs Windows

server 2016 operating system has been agreed upon (Bradley, 2017a). Nonetheless, based on the

explained scenario, it is realistic to state that any organization requires a change to equally

compete within the existing markets. As such, Modern Mouldings Company require an upgrade

of existing network segments/components rather than performing the full upgrade (Karanvir, &

Er, 2015). Total overhaul of the existing system at once is likely to impact the productivity of the

organization negatively since employees may require more time, while some employees may

develop resistance to change. Thus continuous upgrade is preferred since it enables the system

users to understand respective changes with time leading to positive perception about the

improved network system (Zhong, 2012).

CURRENT WIRED/WIRELESS INFRASTRUCTURE 5

1.1.1 Weaknesses of the Current Network

Despite the fact that wired systems have high data transfer speed (uploading and downloading),

the use of physical cabling is disadvantageous since such are prone to physical damage that

could stall the whole system since fault tracing is difficult and time consuming being that one has

to conduct numerous tests to determine the areas affected.

The second weakness I noticed was that the efforts to upgrade existing computers to the latter

PCS, adopted (wired network) system is not fast enough to provide great work output since

network connection and file sharing capabilities are slower compared to what exists in wireless

broadband network connections. This is basically due to the fact that wired LAN hubs slows

down the speed of internet access hence the need to adopt latest technology that allows for faster

data transfer comparatively.

The third weakness is that the design department being resistant to change is a disgrace to the

company. This is a great weakness since it derails efforts to conform to the latter changes in

technology. In fact the design department should be at the forefront in adopting technological

interventions since its forms the basis for production of competitive brands within the saturated

markets.

The fourth weakness which is also a great concern is the interference that the existing wireless

communication especially between design department and their production counterparts, posing

a great security threat firstly due to the resistance in implementing changes, and again, wireless

networks does not support firewall as opposed to wired networks. This makes it possible for

every Tom, Dick and Harry to connect to the roaming wireless network with ease thus further

posing great risks to company information that could be intercepted online, and/or maliciously

CURRENT WIRED/WIRELESS INFRASTRUCTURE 6

accessed. In short, it is important to state that wireless LANs are less secure than wired LANs

(Mathy and Frank, 2017).

1.1.2 Strengths

Unlike in wired networks that printing has to be done from specific computers that are directly

connected to the printers, the main strength that the company will enjoy is the online printing. In

fact as proposed by the sales department to have an online or networked printer, such efforts are

encouraging since it enables employees or the organization to be able to select the network

printer and print information directly without having to physically move to the printer location.

Another strength is that despite the difference in terrains, adopting wireless network and through

the use of routers, switches and repeaters radio signal strength would be regenerated, a fact that

enables a people to connect to network from anywhere within the range hence one does not need

to get back to the office to have the computers, tablets or smart phones connected to the network

(Prof. Satish, et al., 2012).

The third strength is that adopting both wired and wireless network enables the wireless network

to be protected through the wired system through a process referred to as wired equipment

Privacy (WEP) encryption standards. Moreover, adopting such strategy is in line with the IEEE

standards that enables any device that use either wired or wireless connection to communicate

within the company network system. In fact it is open for further upgrade with time due to

compatibility.

1.2 Suggested Upgrades

Initially, it could be assumed that every employee of Modern Mouldings Company regardless of

the respective areas of specialty has to be well conversant with IT networks application systems

CURRENT WIRED/WIRELESS INFRASTRUCTURE 7

to work efficiently and successfully in deliver assigned tasks (infotel-systems.com). Whilst the

information technology-based network interventions are numerous in the market, quality system

equipment is expensive to acquire, a fact that may delay the company’s rate of upgrading (Prof.

Vilas, Sunil, & Swati, 2014). During the first stage of upgrading, clients and company

employees alike are likely to find it difficult to navigate through the system since not all

upgrades take effect immediately (Stefan & Vladimir, 2012).

Upgrading Modern Mouldings Company IT system would improve internet connectivity and as

well add bandwidth, update access layer LAN cabling, support wireless access in distinct areas,

provide redundancy for the company’s key services and create a Wide Area Network (WAN)

(pcstats.com). Prior to operating system software upgrade, the company should focus on

improving the existing PCs, and network so that the superior operating software would be

integrated when the network and security issues are already solved (Karanvir, & Er, 2015).

1.3 Assumptions

Based on the existing advantages of having both wired and wireless networks, it is important to

make presumptions that Modern Mouldings Company does not require a total overhaul of the

existing wired network system, but an upgrade of the system so that security would be enhanced

with convenience in terms of data transfer rate and accessibility. This would enhance

coordination and service delivery both at the departmental levels and the clients as well.

Network infrastructure is an important aspect as far as keeping data safe and private within an

existing myriad of devices required for the successful transfer of information. As such, adopting

new technology is assumed to open more avenues to enhance faster acquisition of information

not forgetting security aspect. This is in line with the company objectives that focuses more on

CURRENT WIRED/WIRELESS INFRASTRUCTURE 8

client satisfaction, quality products and secure information sharing platform for enhanced

interaction in line with the core values of the company.

1.4 Issues during the Design Phase

Network coverage and the speed of data transfer are of great consideration when designing new

or upgrading a network system, poor network, is among causes of adverse impacts on

productivity. In addition, to overcome such, the company has to invest slightly more on better

quality networking equipment cognizant of the fact that human errors are also inevitable. It is

advisable not to make a configuration of the network system using untested equipment. All tests

are supposed to be done in a lab environment to ascertain reliability (Dan, 2008) Zhong, 2012).

The new equipment should overcome the threats and weaknesses of the previous ones so that the

existing limitations would not be realized afterwards. The main challenge would be financial

facets in settling acquisition costs, but otherwise, quality equipment are preferred during

upgrading of network system.

Table Showing Router Information

Table 1: Router information

Device

Port

Virtual IP

Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol ID

Router 1

Fc0/0

192.168.1.2

192.168.1.1

Fc01

192.168.2.2

192.168.2.1

Router 2

Fc0/0

192.168.1.3

192.168.1.1

Fc01

192.168.2.3

192.168.2.2

The logical design has got two routers; the primary and secondary router. The primary router is

dedicated to computer PCs while the secondary router will only be used for printing. However,

CURRENT WIRED/WIRELESS INFRASTRUCTURE 9

the respective departments within the organization have been provided with their own Virtual

LAN to ease network management of distinct networks. But, the adopted topology (star-bus)

enables the respective networks to communicate with each other easily. This is as a result of

adopting real-life approach to network design taking into consideration the challenges that we

face. In addition, it is a reality that fibre technology has been used to increase the speed of data

transfer. However, Cat5 Ethernet cable will be used.

Table 2: Workstation, printers and servers IP addresses

Network

Usage

IP setting

192.168.1.0/24

Printers/Servers

Static

192.168.2.0/24

Workstations

DHCP

The information in table two above indicate that printer IP addresses could be assigned

192.168.1.1 to even 192.168.1.120…, while workstations could be assigned 192.168.2.1 till any

number be it 192.168.2.15 based on either the number of departments available or the number of

printers that the company has. Printers and servers are supposed to be assigned the initial

addresses while workstations get the remaining addresses.

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1.5 Logical Design for Proposed Network

CURRENT WIRED/WIRELESS INFRASTRUCTURE 11

1.6 Physical Design for the Proposed Network

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1.7 Equipment and Cost List

S. No.

Item

Qty

Approx.

Rate(USD)

Total

AIR-ANT2524DW-R 2.4 GHz 2 dBi/5 GHz 4 dBi

Dipole Ant.,White, RP-TNC

$230

$11,500

AIR-AP3802E-E-K9 802.11 ac W2 AP w/CA; 4x4:3;

Mod; Ext

Ant; mGig -E Domain

$260

$13000

C1-AIR-CT5520-K9 (Cisco ONE - 5520 Wireless

Controller w/rack mounting kit)

$280

$2800

CON-SNT-CT5520K9 (SNTC Wireless Controller

w/rack mo)

$50

$250

CAB-C13-CBN (Cabinet Jumper Power Cord,

250VAC 10A, C14-C13 Connectors)

$25

$250

LIC-CT5520-DTLS-K9 Cisco 5DTLS License520

Wir

$800

$136

LIC-SME-3YR Cisco Meraki Systems Manager

Enterprise Device License, 3 Year

$250

C1 -MSE-PAK Cisco ONE MSE License PAK

$500

$250

AIR-PSU1 -770W 770W AC Hot for 5520

Controller-Plug Power Supply

$30

AIR-BZL-C220M4 Cisco 5520 Wireless Controller

Security Bezel

$120

AIR-CT6870-NIC-K9 PCIe Network Interface 20G

$70

AIR-SD-32G-S 32GB SD Card for UCS servers

$102

AIR-TPM2-001 Trusted Platform Module 1.2 for

UCS (SPI-based)

$128

CON-ECMU-C1FPAIR SWSS UPGRADES C1

Foundation Perpetual - Wireless

$105

C1 -WLC-PAK Cisco ONE Wireless LAN Controller

AP License PAK (any WLC)

$105

C1 -MSE-LS-1 Cisco ONE CMX Base (Location

+Connect) - 1AP license

$2000

C1 -ISE-BASE-AP Cisco ONE Identity Services

Engine25 EndPoint Base Lic

$1450

$4350

C1 -MSE-WIPS-1 Cisco ONE Mobility Svcs

Intrusion Prevention 1AP - Wireless

$2000

C1 -MSE-CMX-1 CisMobile Experience 1AP Licco

ONE Mobility Svcs-Connected

$1300

AIR-SD240GBKS4-EV 240GB 2.5 inch Enterprise

Value 6GSATA SSD

$106

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C1F1VAIR-01 Tracker PID v01 Fnd Perpetual

AIRno delivery

$78

AIR-MR-1X081RU-A 8GB DDR4-2133-MHz

RDIMM/PC4-17000/single rank/x4/1.2v

$300

$1500

MSE-MRAID12G Cisco 12G SAS Modular Raid

Controller

$30

7 MSE-CPU-E52650D 2.30 GHz E510C/25MB

Cache/DDR4 2133MHz-2650 v3/105W 2

$50

$500

CON-ECMU-C1FPC38S SWSS UPGRADES Cisco

ONE Foundation Perp Cat5 850 24Prt

$100

$500

PWR-C1-1100WAC/2 1100W AC Config. 1

Secondary Power Supply

$25

$500

Software tools (R-PI31-SW-K9 Prime Infrastructure

3.1 Software)

$90

$450

Installation Cost

250

$250

Maintenance cost

$14,563.2

Training costs

$17,852

Labor

10% of

cost of

materials

$357.04

Total $ (USD)

$ 68,369.2

Equivalent to

£48,834.14

1.8 The cost of materials

The cost of restructuring the existing network infrastructure to integrate wireless network is not

consistent since it is based on the manufactures of the communication devices acquired for the

realization of reliable network system within the company.

1.9 Network maintenance costs

In handling network management, the company will employ a network maintenance engineer

who will be able to monitor the transceivers noting down the existing changes in temperature,

CURRENT WIRED/WIRELESS INFRASTRUCTURE 14

transmitted data, received data and any other concern like freezing of signals and as well monitor

the respective repeaters and routers to affirm the causative facts of network failure when need be.

1.10 Network Management

This does not only involve monitoring the signal failure but it encompasses full control of

activities in a network system. As such, most of the assigned tasks within the management would

be performed by network administrator, like network security, anti-spyware, system back-up,

and creation of new communication nodes and corresponding authentication requirements.

Task 2

2.1 Proposed Scheme

This task will explore the viability of adopting wireless network system between design and

production departments. In accomplishing this task, it is important to firstly affirm the viability

of the connection and the estimate of the traffic that is supposed to be using the wireless network.

The number of devices that will use the wireless network in the production department are 46,

though not a single devise is indicated from the design department, but presumably the same

number would apply as in the case of production department. It implies that there would be about

92 devices that are supposed to use the wireless network connection.

As such, after realizing the number of devices to use the network, it is appropriate to split them

into light, medium and heavy data usage respectively. In order to be on the safe side as far as

data traffic is concerned, let’s assume that 36 devices from each of the two department totaling to

72, 8 devices from each are of medium usage, totaling to 16, while only 2 devices from each

department totaling to 4 are to be of light usage. However, considering the totals for respective

usage categories, the following calculations were arrived at:-

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(4x500Kbps)+ (16x900 Kbps) + (72x2000Kbps)

= (2000 Kbps+14,400 Kbps + 144,000 Kbps) =160,400Kbps

= (160,400/1000) = 160.4 Mbps

Hence 160.4Mbps is the approximate bandwidth required for the wireless network connection.

The calculation explanatively implies that the wireless connection speed is moderately fast when

applying the peak network usage time as well as for normal browsing and data transfer at off-

peak. But, it is necessary to use of repeaters with a minimum speed of 160.4Mbps for further

amplify the signal at close intervals of about 30 metres from each other till the signal reaches the

nodes within the network coverage area. However, as the business expands, it is a reality that the

company would require a faster network connection that is capable of handling additional work

load in the future.

2.1.1 Assumptions

Initially, it is a reality that the standardized transceiver antennas that are often omnidirectional,

and characterized by a gain of zero (0) dBl, which is an important consideration when calculating

radio transmit power. This further enables the calculation of maximum data transfer speed.

The indication of respective data transfer speeds from light (500Kbps), medium (900 Kbps) and

high (2000 Kbps) are useful in calculation of the required bandwidth.

Another assumption is that the wireless usage is applicable for all devices between the design

and production department respectively.

CURRENT WIRED/WIRELESS INFRASTRUCTURE 16

It is assumed that majority of majority of network devices may not be over relied on heavy usage

as indicated in the earlier that about 80% of the devices to be of heavy usage. And the fact that

the wireless antenna traverse all directions, it implies that all users would find the network within

the coverage area.

2.2 Maximum Transfer Rate

2.2.1 The Theoretical Maximum Transfer Rate

The required transmission scheme and corresponding bandwidth are important consideration that

should be availed before working out the theoretical maximum transfer rate. The nyquist formula

would then be applied as follows:

C= B.log2.M

In this case C=the theoretical maximum bit rate, B= the channel bandwidth, while M is the

transmission scheme.

Now, through substitution, we have

B=2400 MHZ Radio channel bandwidth

M= 8

Then we would have C=2400*log2 (8) =2400*3

=7200Megabits per second= (7200/8 bits) = 900 Megabytes/second

It implies that 7,200 Mbps is the theoretical maximum transfer rate, which may not be realistic

since physical devices have distinct limitations. However, according to the IEEE standards of

operation (SOP), 802.11n that was released in 2009 is only limited to 600Mbps, despite having

high obstacle penetration, high compatibility, high congestion, and can be used for longer

distances without signal distortion. However, the existing physical barriers and interference

related to wireless frequencies causes variation in the actual transmission speed (Wi-fi.com).

CURRENT WIRED/WIRELESS INFRASTRUCTURE 17

2.2.2 Likely Maximum Transfer Rate

With assumption that bite rate error is 1.0*10

-3,

maximum transfer rate could be found through

multiplying

the bit rate error by the distinct maximum transfer rate.

However, it is important to initially determine the number of bits that are received in error. As

such the maximum transfer rate has to be determined and multiplied by the bit rate error, with

assumption that a maximum of 600,000,000 bits are sent per second.

We would have (600,000,000*0.001) =600,000 bps

Then we less 600,000 from 600,000,000 which is as follows

= (600,000,000-600,000) = 599,400,000 bps

= (599,400,000/1000, 000) = 599.4 Mbps

Hence it implies that the likely maximum bit rate of the new channel is 599.4 Mbps

2.2.3 Time to Transfer 20GB

I firstly convert 20GB into Megabytes which is = (20*1024) =20,480 Megabytes, then we divide

the value by 599.4 Mbps. We have (20480/599.4)= 34.1675, correcting to two decimal places,

we get 34.17 seconds , which is slightly above half a minute. This is realistic since the wireless

connection would be able to transfer 20GB data within half a minute, this is quite commendable

speed indeed for the business.

2.2.4 Assumptions

The first assumptions made while handling the data transfer concerns was that the transfer

scheme contains eight (8) levels/bits per signal element. This is as a result of the adoption of

standards transmission scheme according to IEEE standards.

CURRENT WIRED/WIRELESS INFRASTRUCTURE 18

2.3 Improvements

In today’s LAN, many users are likely to connect and share local resources, services, and the

internet remotely. In wireless systems, many access points are connected within a wired network

backbone that acts as a link between wired and wireless network. Since such communication

adopts half-duplex, meaning that only one radio frequency can send traffic at a time (Prof. Vilas,

Sunil, & Swati, 2014). General routing encapsulation protocol is advisable to be used for

transmitting data traffic. However, access points should not be deployed too far from each other

in order to enhance signal strength and quality (compnetworking.about.com).

A large VLAN is recommended for Modern Mouldings Company since it enables wireless users

to the network through creating a large broadband domain (Bradley, 2017b). It is a reality that

adopting a scalable solution is more beneficial for a network not only economically, but also

based on the fact that it has less administrative burdens, and efficient, thus Modern Mouldings

Company is supposed to adopt centralized wireless system architecture (Mathy and Frank, 2017).

However, since technology plays a great role in enhancing company productivity and based on

the fact that Modern Mouldings Company require network to enhance productivity, it is feasible

that the company has to continuously face off wired network and instead integrate wireless

network connection to enhance ease of access to information be it live or remotely through

wireless communication gadgets. Thus necessitating adoption of continuous system that would

enable the change to be implemented in a way that employees embrace since they should always

be part of change (Prof. Vilas, Sunil, & Swati, 2014; compnetworking.about.com).

However, since the requirements for the company network system upgrade are affordable and

within the company’s reach, it is important to state that the proposed upgrade is a reality that has

CURRENT WIRED/WIRELESS INFRASTRUCTURE 19

real-life impacts on the general productivity of the company, its benefits would be realized

immediately the wireless section is integrated (Mathy and Frank, 2017).

2.4 Other Network Technologies

2.4.1 Dense Wavelength Division Multiplex

Dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) the (Wi-Fi 6) is a technology that integrates

or multiplexes signals from different sources to share a single optical fibre channel but maintains

a complete separation between the data streams. The Wi-Fi 6, that is also referred to as 802.11ax

has over 80 separate light wavelengths that carry signals. This is an upgrade of the highest-speed

Wi-Fi protocol widely used the world over. This technology provides a great improvement in

network efficiency across Wi-Fi brands including the brands that are older than 2.4GHz

frequencies (Bradley, 2017b; www.wi-fi.org). The main advantage of using Wi-Fi 6 technology

is that it increases the device density that co-exists within a single space with a corresponding

increase in the speed of all devices when there is more than one device in use (Zhong, 2012).

This device (Wi-Fi 6), a 5G is rolled out this year (2019) (www.wi-fi.org).

2.4.2 Digitized spaces

Digitized spaces is another technology that forms part of new resolutions that adopts geo-

location technology that entirely depends on wireless radios found in mobile devices, and data

mining software aimed at creating opportunities that enhance the understanding of the

coexistence between people and things (Mathy and Frank, 2017). This technology allows any

business organization to not only the available space they use online but also when and the

specific client/ customer who used that space. It enhances tracking of events that take place

within an organization at any instances (Karanvir, & Er, 2015).

CURRENT WIRED/WIRELESS INFRASTRUCTURE 20

However, in our situation adopting digitized space technology for Modern Mouldings Company

would enable the network administrator to identify areas that experience weak wireless signals

and thus allows for the deployment of new and highly precise access ports. Security wise, this

technology enables notification of unusual access points and patterns with ease along with

wireless networks that indicate physical breaches (Bradley, 2017b).

2.4.3 Machine learning

Machine learning is another technology that has more effective networking insight for better

work management in an organization. It enhances the adoption of quickly-changing conditions

that varies uniquely with every network (microsoft.com). In a nutshell, this technology enables

individuals to understand the health patterns that could be used to identify network failures

cognizant of the requisite skills that enhance effective production in an industrial environment

(Zhong, 2012). Companies that adopt artificial intelligence inclusive of machine learning are

able to get ahead in optimizing performance and ensuring that there is a secure network system

in place through spotting anomalies that would otherwise be missed (Stefan & Vladimir, 2012).

2.5 Real Throughput Explanation

The term link throughput, as used in wireless networks refers to the rate at which data packets

are transmitted between a wireless client and wireless router. This takes place between the

transmission control protocol/user datagram protocols (TCP & UDP) layer. For example, taking

a link rate of 300 Mbps, the corresponding TCP/UDP layer speed would be between 50 to

90Mbps (Stefan & Vladimir, 2012).

CURRENT WIRED/WIRELESS INFRASTRUCTURE 21

2.5.1 Reason One

One reason for the existing low rate of data packet transfer is the varying processing powers of

the physical hardware used in setting up a network system, for example cables, routers, and the

device microprocessor speed. The lower the hardware processing speed the fewer the number of

packets that would be transmitted.

2.5.2 Reason Two

The other reason that is likely to affect the rate of data transfer is network congestion and as well

packet losses. Network congestion does not only reduce the rate of data packet transfer but it also

lead to partial of complete loss of data packets. At time, a system would discard data packets due

to poor routing and/or mismatch of destination IP addresses.

Task 3:

Part 3.1 Proposed Connection

Before connecting the warehouse with the main site, it is a reality that one has to consider the

wired network data transfer rate since it is the backbone of the wireless network that is supposed

to serve the warehouse (Bradley, 2017b). An ambiguity edge router would be used to connect a

switch with many ports. A router should be placed within every 40 meters on both sides of the

building to enhance the signal strength until you reach the warehouse. This would enable faster

data transfer between the warehouse, company generally and the global network (infotel-

systems.com).

However, it is important to have both employees and guest connections so that every person who

has to access the network from the warehouse has to be authorized in one way or the other. This

approach enhances the utilization of quality network services due to full coverage leading to lots

CURRENT WIRED/WIRELESS INFRASTRUCTURE 22

of traffic. The routers should be placed half the wall since they would not be permanently fixed.

One or more would be either replaced or reset at one point in time. Servicing would also be done,

hence the router should be mounted at a point that could be accessed with ease when need be

(Bradley, 2017b).

3.2 Security Risks

3.2.1 Security Risk One

Theoretically, it is a reality that wireless LANs are less secure as compared to wired LANs since

wireless communication signals are often roaming and could be easily compromised or

intercepted. Such weaknesses are proved to be more theoretical than practical.

Wired Equipment Privacy (WEP) is used to protect wireless network data. This is an encryption

standard that is capable of providing reasonable safety to wireless communication to the

standards of a wired network (Mathy and Frank, 2017). Unless the firewall is properly

configured, it is realistic that not a single computer network is secure be it wired or wireless

(Stefan & Vladimir, 2012). Unauthorized access to the network system should be controlled in

order to reduce the dangers of spoof emails and other forms of spyware.

3.2.2 Security Risk Two

Hacking is another great concern that Modern Mouldings Company should avoid at all costs.

Company and employee data should be encrypted, the network administrator should at all times

monitor the system logs and ensure that no intrusion is allowed (Prof. Vilas, Sunil, & Swati,

2014). In wireless networks, knowledge of the range at which the wireless network could be

accessed and adopting appropriate software system to grant access to only authorized persons,

CURRENT WIRED/WIRELESS INFRASTRUCTURE 23

and from registered computers, tablets and smartphones is an important consideration to data

protection and system integrity (Mathy and Frank, 2017).

3.2.3 Security Risk Three

Attack by harmful programs like Trojan horse, Denial of service (DOS), E-mail borne viruses,

and packet sniffing. In order to avoid such attach, one should not run servers at a level too close

to capacity, use packet filtering, and also keeping up-to-date on security-related patches. In

addition, having updated antivirus software is important in reducing cyber-attack to grant both

wired and wireless network system flawless functionality (Bradley, 2017b).

3.2.4 Integrity Protection

Data integrity and confidentiality could only be achieved through adopting proper security

mechanisms and avert probable network system intrusion. In so doing the organization has to

ensure that staff is well trained to be able to handle their login details as secrets that could be

used by malicious persons to compromise the company network system (Sachi & Vibhore,

2013). Information communication technology is ranked among the sectors that exhibit

continuous change, the network system administrator should be at par with the latest technology

so that the organization would organize for on-job training for employees should there be a

change in approach to tackling existing security challenges (Zhong, 2012).

Since network security is among the global threats, it is important to adopt realistic approaches to

enhance data security and integrity (Dan, 2008). As such, network system user information like

username and passwords should always be used for authentication so that every log details of the

persons accessing the system would be kept (Sachi & Vibhore, 2013). Another fact is the

creation of an access control list. This is a digitized list of authorized persons to access distinct

CURRENT WIRED/WIRELESS INFRASTRUCTURE 24

networks at specific nodes. This approach is effective in determining the level of system

intrusion since it captures all details of the culprits, a fact that is considered effective in reducing

intrusion rate since it leaves no stone unturned in case of network security audits (infotel-

systems.com).

3.3 Internet Access

In every country irrespective of the requirements for production and service delivery, internet

service providers have the sole responsibility to provide organizations with required network

services so that they could be able to not only access, use and participate in their routine areas of

work, but also transit network, provides domain registration, UseNet services, networking and

colocation (Bradley, 2017b). In Modern Mouldings Company, the internet service providers have

the responsibility to monitor the existing system and avail the requisite information for approval

before being awarded tenders.

In conclusion, counteracting the network related problems that Modern Mouldings Company

experience in association with wired/wireless IP transmission, there are a series of solutions

would be adopted. For example, data classification and corresponding scheduling schemes

within data link layer so that effects of delay could be reduced leading to good quality of service

(QoS). Maximizing channel data rate utilization through packet header compression, improving

IP transmission quality through adaptive header correction methods. Management of complex

networks require linking quality reports and observation of system operations within terms of

reference agreed during acquisition and installation of the network. Some algorithms are already

implemented in respective network devices like router and radios, scheduling should be properly

classified in order to solve arising problems related to network and link design.

CURRENT WIRED/WIRELESS INFRASTRUCTURE 25

References

Bradley, M. (2017a). What Hardware Is Required to Build a Wireless Network? WWW

document. Available at: https://www.lifewire.com/required-to-build-wireless-networks-

816542 [Accessed 01 May, 2019].

Bradley, M. (2017b). Wireless Standards 802.11a, 802.11b/g/n, and 802.11ac. WWW document.

Available at: https://www.lifewire.com/wireless-standards802-11a-802-11b-g-n-and-802-

11ac-816553[Accessed 01 May, 2019]

Dan, H. (2008). “Simultaneous Authentication of Equals: A Secure, Password-Based Key

Exchange for Mesh Networks”, 2008 Second International Conference on Sensor

Technologies and Applications.

http://compnetworking.about.com/od/wirelesssecurity/

http://www.infotel-systems.com/wireless%20networking%20outline.htm

http://www.microsoft.com/hardware/broadbandnetworking/10_concept_what_is_wireless

.mspx

http://www.wi-fi.org/OpenSection/wireless_vs_wired.asp?TID=2

IDhobale, J. V., IIDr. Kalyankar, N. V., IIIDr. Khamitkar, S. D. (2014) “Wired and Wireless

Computer Network Performance Evaluation Using OMNeT++ Simulation Environment”

International Journal of Research in Electronics and Communication Technology

(IJRECT)

Karanvir, S. M., and Er. (2015) “Comparison of WLAN with WIMAX Networks” International

Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering.

Mathy, V., and Frank, P. (2017). “Key Reinstallation Attacks: Forcing Nonce Reuse in WPA2”,

Proceedings of the 2017 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications

Security.

CURRENT WIRED/WIRELESS INFRASTRUCTURE 26

Prof. Satish, K., Shah, Ms., Sonal, J., Rane, Ms., and Dharmistha, D. V. (2012) “Performance

Evaluation of Wired and Wireless Local Area Networks” International Journal of

Engineering. Research and Development

Prof. Vilas, D., Sunil, W., and Swati, S. (2014) “Wired Equivalent Security Algorithm for

Wireless LAN” International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced

Engineering.

RF Wireless World. (no date). WEP vs WPA vs WPA2. WWW Document. Available at:

http://www.rfwireless-world.com/Terminology/WEP-vs-WPA-vsWPA2.html [Accessed

02 May, 2019].

Sachi, P., and Vibhore, T. (2013) “Performance Analysis of Wired and Wireless Network using

NS2 Simulator” International Journal of Computer Applications.

Stefan, P., and Vladimir, W. (2012). Wireless Mesh Networks - Efficient Link Scheduling,

Channel Assignment and Network Planning Strategies. WWW Document. Available at

:http://www.intechopen.com/books/wirelessmesh-networks-efficient-link-scheduling-

channel-assignment-and-networkplanning-strategies/channel-assignment-schemes-

optimization-for-multi-interface-wireless-mesh-networks-based-on-link-loa [Accessed 01

May, 2019].

Zhong, F. (2012). “IPv6 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration in Ad Hoc Networks” , in

book Personal Wireless Communications, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer

Berlin Heidelberg, ISBN 978-3-540-3-6, pp 665-678.

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