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DANDRUFF

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DANDRUFF 1

Abstract

Dandruff may seem as a mild skin disease and many may disregard it as dirt and poor

hygiene, however, in some and many cases it is an irritation, and many suffer progression to severe

skin disease. The skin disease is very active, and 50 percent of the population have it or at some

time they have caught it and caused significant discomfort. The skin condition mostly visible on

the head is generally characterized by the presence of flake-looking white powder on the scalp and

in most cases in the hair. The symptoms may vary depending on an individual, and in many cases,

it is mild but can deteriorate to severe scaling. Its severity and prevalence are greatest in young

males, mostly young children and in some younger adults with less frequency. It is mostly

aggravated by trauma (mostly scratching) and change in humidity, emotional stress, and seasonal

changes. Dandruff can be reduced by everyday shampooing and conditioning. However, frequent

use of hair pomades (gels) and sprays should be limited. Zinc, sulfur, selenium, tar and salicylic

acid all are effective in majority of shampoos and are effective in treating the menace. In this

research, it reviews and researches on the common infections of dandruff and the best simple

affordable ways it can be controlled and eliminated mainly in the third world where it is most

common and severe in some cases. It describes mainly good hygiene, mostly by using shampoo to

clean the head and other effective, safe and flexible treatment options for treating dandruff.

Keywords: Pityrosporum, scalp, Malassezia, corneocytes, flake

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CHAPTER ONE

Introduction

Dandruff may seem as a mild skin disease and many may disregard it as dirt and poor

hygiene, however, in some and many cases it is an irritation, and many suffer progression to severe

skin disease. The skin disease is very active, and 50 percent of the population have it or at some

time they have caught it and caused significant discomfort (N. J., 2017). The skin condition mostly

visible on the head is generally characterized by the presence of flake-looking white powder on

the scalp and in most cases in the hair. The symptoms may vary depending on an individual, and

in many cases, it is mild but can deteriorate to severe scaling. Its severity and prevalence are

greatest in young males, mostly young children and in some younger adults with less frequency

(Piérard-Franchimont & Piérard, 2017). It is mostly aggravated by trauma (mostly scratching) and

change in humidity, emotional stress, and seasonal changes (Nowicki, 2017). Though the exact

and accurate cause of the skin irritation menace is not yet confirmed, researchers, speculate that

the most common and main cause is poor hygiene and other minimal factors contribute its

progression.

However, there are other skin diseases that may have the same symptoms as dandruff, these

conditions may include Psoriasis (a skin ailment marked by a rapid build-up of dead, dry, rough

skin that resembles scales) or Eczema (a chronic, inflammatory skin disease) (Piérard-Franchimont

& Piérard, 2017). On dry scalps, dandruff may be exhibited by a powder like condition that looks

like small, dry, fine, white flakes. While on oily skins, they may look as thicker and larger flakes

and tend to stick in the scalp on the hair base. Dandruff, as they appear, may be followed by itching.

On its worst may look like an old wound, namely "Seborrheic Dermatitis", the skin surrounding

the hairline may become flaky and red. As stated earlier dandruff is a skin disease affecting half

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the planets population and mainly common in children. It affects everybody regardless of ethnicity

or geolocation.

Background of the study

The skin condition was named dandruff, an Anglo-Saxon origin, a combination of “drof”

meaning dirty and “tan” meaning tetter (Piérard-Franchimont & Piérard, 2017). In most societies

poor hygiene, it the main contributor to the condition. In the medical world, it has well been

established "Keratinocytes" are key in the development and progression of immunological

reactions during dandruff manifestation. The severity of the skin condition as most is harmless and

much worse with environmental changes, most likely it may worsen in winter (Nowicki, 2017). In

most society, largely the developing nations have dandruff and they are requesting a more

affordable and effective cure. Most of the infestation can be cured and managed with proper

hygiene and regular head and hair cleaning without any prescribed treatment. However, there is

anti-dandruff management prescription, but they are expensive for the majority and hence comes

the main part of the research topic, how to find a more common, affordable and effective dandruff

treatment (Piérard-Franchimont & Piérard, 2017).

The main treatment is managing the dandruff infestation and from spreading any further.

After cleaning our heads with shampoo many use conditioners, and many of the conditioners favor

grounds for dandruff to manifest, however, this research presents ways of preventing dandruff

through regular and proper cleaning and the use of the Okra fruit as a homemade anti-dandruff

remedy. The Okra fruit is a vegetable mainly used for its therapeutic features. The fruit is most

common in the warm and tropical region of the world and in other places it is grown for its pods.

In other countries, it is referred to as the "Lady's Finger" the plant is from the Malvaceae family

(Abelmoschus Esculentus) (Nowicki, 2017). The reason for the Okra in treating dandruff is it

DANDRUFF 4

moisturizes the hair and scalp. The moisture condition due to the fruit conditions various

antioxidants, vitamins and minerals such as procyanidin, quercetin, epicatechin, catechin, B2

(rivoflavin) and rutin. B1 (thiamne).

Statement of the Problem

Dandruff may seem as a mild skin disease and many may disregard it as dirt and poor

hygiene, however, in some and many cases it is an irritation, and many suffer progression to severe

skin disease. The skin disease is very active, and 50 percent of the population have it or at some

time they have caught it and caused significant discomfort (Piérard-Franchimont & Piérard, 2017).

As stated earlier this study investigates the common, affordable and effective ways of managing

dandruff. Mostly by proper hygiene and the Lady's Finger (Abelmoschus Esculentus, Malvaceae)

fruit, it has the nutrients and features or preventing and fighting dandruff infestation.

1. What are the main causes of dandruff and their spreads?

2. What is the importance of the Lady's Finger fruit? The nutrients it has in preventing and

managing dandruff in an individual?

3. Is there significance in the effect of using the fruit to using common shampoo and

prescriptions in handling the situation?

Significant of the study

In this report is demonstrates and presents extensive research in how dandruff is spread

and how to control the situation by proper cleaning and using the Abelmoschus Esculentus in

preventing and fighting the skin condition (Piérard-Franchimont & Piérard, 2017). Since the

remedy is homemade and recommended as an outreach for the developing countries in managing

the situation, there is no need to spend money of commercial remedies.

Literature Review

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It is researched that the exact known cause of scurf commonly known as dandruff is

unknown. However, there are factors that are common causes of the skin degradation and are the

only known to cause and spread the skin condition. The most common is tied to hygiene main the

hair maintainace, the major cause is not cleaning the hair or maintaining it (Hay, 2011). More so,

those who do not brush or comb their heads have a higher risk of having dandruffs – the main

environment for this is they do not assist or enhance the shedding of skin process that brushing or

combing hair provides. The other cause can be attributed to the nutrition of an individual, such as

people sensitive to yeast have a higher risk of contracting dandruffs.

Hence, it is logical to assume that yeast is a major contributor the emergence of yeast. The

yeast may progress in colder weather and they may witness the degradation reduce during the

warmer seasons. The yeast mostly is a fungus, and the reason they reduce in warmer weather is

the UVA light from the sun counteracts the yeast. Additionally, there is more moisture in the air

during summer and it is believed that the chilly air of winter is drier and the extreme room

temperatures make dandruffs more likely (Nowicki, 2017). And hence the next cause of dandruff,

it is not clear to know whether it is the yeast or dry skin that forms the dandruffs. It is more

susceptible that people with dry skins are more likely to get dandruffs more often. As it was stated

earlier the wintry weather with overheated rooms, causes dry flacking, itchy skins. People with

dry skins always tend to have some form of small dandruff flakes, that are not oily (Hay, 2011).

However, in adults it is not so common as it is disfiguring and emotionally traumatic during

childhood. In some nations it is common in children and does not raise any red flags, but is the

western world it is very disturbing as many are ridiculed for being unclean. Some may be due to

their environment and others their immune system. The immune system, people with Seborrheic

Dermatitis are very susceptible to dandruff (N. J., 2017). The Seborrheic Dermatitis affects many

DANDRUFF 6

parts of the skin, almost every region not just the scalp. The symptoms of people affect will have

red greasy skins with flaky yellow or white scales. Other skin conditions include the Eczema,

Psoriasis as mentioned earlier, and other skin disorders are more susceptible to dandruff infestation

(N. J., 2017).

The other growing fast is the reaction to skin or hair care products. There are many

situations when people using some hair and skin products get scaly, itchy read scalp. Additionally,

shampooing can reduce dandruffs, however, using it much often irritates the scalp. There are many

cause but the result is usually the same red, itchy flaky scalp, and one does not need a doctor to

diagnose dandruff (Piérard-Franchimont & Piérard, 2017). Anyone can do it themselves as the

most evident symptoms is flakes on the scalp. However, not every flaky scalp is dandruffs, one

needs to see a dermatologist if the common dandruff treatment of moisturizing and proper hygiene

does not reduce the menace. There are two main factors to consider when treating dandruffs, the

first is the age, and second the severity of the dandruff. When treating the dandruff is to limit the

spread to the reproduction of skin cells.

There is the use of the shampoo products mainly with anti-fungal, the shampoo can handle

the crusty or scaly patches on your scalp, however, care must be applied. The reason for using

these shampoo for treatment is the herbal category contains the following element that are useful

in the treatment process. These elements include: Zinc Pyrithione, used to slow the production of

yeast, Selenium Sulphide: reduces the production of the natural oils the scalp produces, Coal Tar,

the natural occurring anti-fungal agent, the Ketoconazole, the most effective anti-fungal agent, it

has pleasing results as physicians say cleaning products with this element are great for maintaining

the dandruff (Piérard-Franchimont & Piérard, 2017). The idea is selecting the shampoo element

that have the above elements and more when controlling the dandruff.

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Summary

The dandruff is not that severe however, people suffering from Seborrheic Dermatitis may

worsen it not properly handled. Further, more if one is using a shampoo that causes irritation they

should stop it immediately and search for alternatives. It is recommended for proper skin treatment

to seek medical advice form a dermatologist.

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References

Hay, R. (2011). Malassezia, dandruff and seborrhoeic dermatitis: an overview. British Journal Of

Dermatology, 165, 2-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10570.x

Nowicki, R. (2017). [Modern management of dandruff].. Europepmc.org. Retrieved 29 October

2017, from http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/16617752

N. J., V. (2017). THE INVESTIGATION OF DANDRUFF - Abstract. Journal.scconline.org.

Retrieved 29 October 2017, from

http://journal.scconline.org/abstracts/cc1964/cc015n11/p00609-p00630.html

Piérard-Franchimont, C., & Piérard, G. (2017). [How I treat dandruff].. Europepmc.org. Retrieved

29 October 2017, from http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/24180197

Thesis Proposal | Folic Acid | Health Treatment. (2017). Scribd. Retrieved 29 October 2017, from

https://www.scribd.com/document/280391165/Thesis-Proposal

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