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Data Analysy Is the Department of Defense prepared for cyber warfare with China

R u n n i n g H e a d : C Y B E R W A R F A R E 1
Is the Department of Defense Prepared?
Thesis Proposal
Name of Institution
Name of Student
Grade of Study
Date
C Y B E R W A R F A R E 2
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS
Regarding cyber warfare between the United States of America and China, the
questionnaire targeted Chinese respondents while surveys conducted through phone calls
targeted American respondent to enhance explicit understanding of the believes and
perceived superiority in cyberspace warfare between the two.
Statistics
N
Valid
100
Missing
0
1. Kind of Knowledge needed to work in your field
Frequency
Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Computer Science Techniques
35
35.0
35.0
Understand the operations of computer
networking at advanced level.
50
50.0
85.0
Understand cyberspace security issues at
advanced levels
15
15.0
100.0
Total
100
100.0
According to the table above, regarding the knowledge required to work in the
field of cyber security, 35% of the respondents affirmed to have knowledge in computer
science techniques, 50% understand the operations of computer networking at advanced
level, while a handful 15% understands cyberspace security issues at advanced level.
Valid percentage and cumulative percentage of 100 respectively.
2. Do you think you have proper skills and tools to do your job effectively and
knowledge?
Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Definitely
40
40.0
40.0
40.0
Yes
29
29.0
29.0
69.0
I am qualified
31
31.0
31.0
100.0
Total
100
100.0
100.0
C Y B E R W A R F A R E 3
The table above indicate that 40% of the respondents definitely think that they have
proper skills and tools to do their job effectively, 29% of the respondents admitted to
have required skills, while the remaining 31% affirmed that they are qualified in effective
job delivery and very knowledgeable. Valid percentage and cumulative percentage of 100
respectively.
3. i. How fast are technology changing?
How fast are technology changing?
Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Dynamically fast
46
46.0
46.0
46.0
Unbelievably fast
54
54.0
54.0
100.0
Total
100
100.0
100.0
Now, according to the table above, 46% of the respondents stated that technology
is changing drastically, while majority 54% affirmed that technology is changing at an
unbelievably fast rate. Valid percentage and cumulative percentage of 100 respectively.
ii. Are you always up-to date with courses?
Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
Valid
Yes
50
50.0
50.0
50.0
Am working at it
50
50.0
50.0
100.0
Total
100
100.0
100.0
Regarding the questions about being up-to date with the course, 50% of the
respondents affirmed that they are up-to date with course, similarly, 50% confirmed that
they are working on it to ensure that they are up-to date with the course regarding
cyberspace security. Valid percentage and cumulative percentage of 100 respectively.
C Y B E R W A R F A R E 4
4. Have you ever work in cybercrime?
Frequency
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
No
50
50.0
50.0
50.0
Yes
10
10.0
10.0
60.0
I work in cybercrime
40
40.0
40.0
100.0
Total
100
100.0
100.0
The table above indicate that 50% of the respondents never worked in cybercrime,
10% have worked in cybercrime while, 40% are affirmed to be working in cybercrime by
the time they responded to the questionnaires. Valid percentage and cumulative
percentage of 100 respectively.
5. What is your knowledge on cybercrime, cyberspace and cyber warfare?
Frequency
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Quite enough
40
40.0
40.0
40.0
Satisfactory
40
40.0
40.0
80.0
Well knowledgeable
20
20.0
20.0
100.0
Total
100
100.0
100.0
Regarding knowledge on cybercrime, cyberspace and cyber warfare, 40% of the
respondents have quite enough knowledge, 40% have satisfactory knowledge, while a
handful 20% of the respondents are well knowledgeable on cybercrime are related
warfare. Valid percentage and cumulative percentage of 100 respectively.
6. i. What is your knowledge on surface web, dark net or dark web?
Frequency
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Quite enough
30
30.0
30.0
30.0
Satisfactory
45
45.0
45.0
75.0
Well knowledgeable
25
25.0
25.0
100.0
Total
100
100.0
100.0
C Y B E R W A R F A R E 5
Moreover, regarding knowledge on surface web, dark net and dark web, 30% of
the respondents have quite enough knowledge, 45% have satisfactory knowledge, while a
handful 25% of the respondents are well knowledgeable. Thus leading to valid
percentage and cumulative percentage of 100 respectively.
ii. Can you penetrate surface web, dark net or dark web?
Frequency
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Yes
70
70.0
70.0
70.0
Definitely
30
30.0
30.0
100.0
Total
100
100.0
100.0
Table above indicates that 70% of the respondents agreed that they are able to
penetrate surface web, dark net and dark web, while only 30% of the respondents stated
that definitely they are able to penetrate cyber surface web, dark net and dark web
respectively. Valid percentage and cumulative percentage of 100 respectively.
7. Do you properly understand the differences or similarities of each of the stated in
terms of their uses and security advantages?
Frequency
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Yes
35
35.0
35.0
35.0
Fully
42
42.0
42.0
77.0
I do understand satisfactorily
23
23.0
23.0
100.0
Total
100
100.0
100.0
Regarding the level of understanding about similarities and differences in terms of
uses and security advantages, 35% of the respondents agreed that they fully understand,
42% fully understand, while a handful 23% affirmed that they really understand
satisfactory. Valid percentage and cumulative percentage of 100 respectively.
C Y B E R W A R F A R E 6
8. Have you ever got intelligence or information from cybercrime or programs i.e.,
dark net, Silk Road or dark web e.t.c
Frequency
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
A number of times
30
30.0
30.0
30.0
Often work on such reports
41
41.0
41.0
71.0
Have received such reports
29
29.0
29.0
100.0
Total
100
100.0
100.0
Regarding access to intelligence or information from cybercrime or such
programs, 30% of the respondents affirmed to have got information a number of times,
41% exemplified that they often work on such reports, while only 29% explained that
they have received such reports. Valid percentage and cumulative percentage of 100
respectively.
9. How did you learn about cyberspace and cyber related security issues?
Frequency
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Professional studies
52
52.0
52.0
52.0
Computer networking studies
30
30.0
30.0
82.0
Security studies related to cyberspace
18
18.0
18.0
100.0
Total
100
100.0
100.0
The table above indicate that 52% confirmed to have learned about learn about
cyberspace and cyber related security issues through professional studies, 30% through
computer networking studies, while a handful 18% have learned through security studies
related to cyberspace. Valid percentage and cumulative percentage of 100 respectively.
C Y B E R W A R F A R E 7
10. Does your organization have properly secured computer networking?
Frequency
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Yes
30
30.0
30.0
30.0
Very well secured
35
35.0
35.0
65.0
Secure indeed
35
35.0
35.0
100.0
Total
100
100.0
100.0
The table above indicate that 30% of the respondents work with organizations
that have properly secured computer networking, 35% affirmed very well secured, while
the rest 35% stated that their respective organizations indeed have secured computer
networking. Valid percentage and cumulative percentage of 100 respectively.
11. In what ways are criminals committing cyber-attacks?
Frequency
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cumulativ
e Percent
Valid
Hacking for sensitive information
20
20.0
20.0
20.0
Jamming integral organizational or
governmental infrastructure
43
43.0
43.0
63.0
Hijackings and extortions online
37
37.0
37.0
100.0
Total
100
100.0
100.0
Regarding ways through which criminals commit cyber- attacks, 20% of the
respondents stated that criminals hack for sensitive information, 43% restated that
criminals often jam integral organizational or governmental infrastructure, while the rest
37% explicated hijacking or extortions online as a way of committing cyber-attacks. This
leads to a valid percentage and cumulative percentage of 100 respectively.
12. Under what kinds of crime can one categorize cyber-attacks?
Frequency
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Cyber related crimes
39
39.0
39.0
39.0
Second degree crimes
31
31.0
31.0
70.0
Cyber crimes
30
30.0
30.0
100.0
Total
100
100.0
100.0
C Y B E R W A R F A R E 8
The table above illustrates that 39% of the respondents affirmed that cybercrimes
could be categorized as cyber related crimes, 31% categorized it as second degree crimes,
while the rest 30% categorized cyber-attacks as cybercrimes. This leads to a valid
percentage and cumulative percentage of 100 respectively.
13. Does the country security apparatus monitor the cyberspace effectively?
Frequency
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Yes
47
47.0
47.0
47.0
If not for proper monitoring we
would not be safe
25
25.0
25.0
72.0
Definitely because most of the
integral infrastructure in the country
is well secured
28
28.0
28.0
100.0
Total
100
100.0
100.0
In the table above, 47% of the respondents indicated that “yes”, the country
security apparatus monitors cyberspace effectively, 25% affirmed that if it were not so,
there would not be security, it implies that indeed the security apparatus monitors
cyberspace effectively. Finally, 28% of the respondents stated that, it is indisputable,
definitely, cyberspace is under tight security since most of the country’s network
infrastructure is well secured. This leads to a valid percentage and cumulative percentage
of 100 respectively.
14. Have you ever been able to penetrate a sensitive government domain through
your expertise?
Frequency
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
No
35
35.0
35.0
35.0
Have tried
40
40.0
40.0
75.0
Could penetrate but do not try
25
25.0
25.0
100.0
Total
100
100.0
100.0
C Y B E R W A R F A R E 9
The table indicate that 355 of the respondents affirmed that they have not been
able to penetrate a sensitive government domain through their expertise, 40% have tried,
while the remaining 25% stated that they could penetrate but do not try. Thus leading to a
valid percentage and cumulative percentage of 100 respectively.
15. How much time and effort can it take to tackle cyber-attacks?
According to the table above, when asked much time and effort can it take to
tackle cyber-attacks, 30% of the respondents affirmed that it require quite a lot of time to
tackle cyber-attacks, 33% stated that it would require enough time and consistent efforts,
while the rest 375 stated that a good time is required since building enough expertise is
integral. Thus leading to a valid percentage and cumulative percentage of 100
respectively.
16. What are some of the worst effects of cyber-attacks to a country or
organizations?
Frequency
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Paralysis of integral infrastructure
28
28.0
28.0
28.0
Economic slide
30
30.0
30.0
58.0
Financial losses
42
42.0
42.0
100.0
Total
100
100.0
100.0
Frequency
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Quite a lot
30
30.0
30.0
30.0
Would require enough time and
consistent efforts
33
33.0
33.0
63.0
A good time since building
enough expertise is integral
37
37.0
37.0
100.0
Total
100
100.0
100.0
C Y B E R W A R F A R E 10
However, according to the table above, 28% of the respondents stated that the
worst effects of cyber-attacks to a country or organizations is through paralyzing integral
infrastructure, 30% of the respondents reiterated that economic slide is the worst effect,
while the remaining 42% majority confirmed their worry that financial losses should be
regarded as the worst effect of cyber-attack. This culminates into a valid percentage and
cumulative percentage of 100 respectively.
17. Do you think that the world is moving in a direction whereby cyberspace will be
a preferable battle space?
Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Yes
47
47.0
47.0
47.0
Definitely
38
38.0
38.0
85.0
In a very short
time
15
15.0
15.0
100.0
Total
100
100.0
100.0
According to the table above, 47% of the respondents believe that the world is
moving in a direction whereby cyberspace will be a preferable battle space, 38% stated
that definitely cyberspace battle would be a global war, while the rest 15% believe that
cyberspace battle will be a preferred battle globally within a short timeframe. This
culminates into a valid percentage and cumulative percentage of 100 respectively.
18. Do you think that the United States of America is prepared for cyber warfare
against China?
Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Well prepared
34
34.0
34.0
34.0
Better prepared
33
33.0
33.0
67.0
Best prepared
33
33.0
33.0
100.0
Total
100
100.0
100.0
C Y B E R W A R F A R E 11
Regarding cyber warfare against China, the table above indicate that 34% of the
respondents believe that the U.S.A is well prepared for cyberspace war against China,
33% affirmed their believe that the U.S.A is better prepared, while the rest 33% believe
that the U.S.A is best prepared for cyberspace warfare with China. Thus culminating into
a valid frequency of 100, and cumulative frequency of 100 as well.
19. Do you think China has better cyberspace technology than that of the U.S?
Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Yes
20
20.0
20.0
20.0
Definitely
25
25.0
25.0
45.0
No doubt
55
55.0
55.0
100.0
Total
100
100.0
100.0
Now, regarding cyberspace technology, the table above indicate that 20% of the
respondents agree that China has better cyberspace technology than that of the U.S, 25%
stated that definitely, while the remaining 55% majority have no doubt about Chinese
cyberspace technology comparatively to that of the U.S. This culminating into a valid
frequency of 100, and cumulative frequency of 100 as well.
20. In what ways do you think the United States of America department of defense is
prepared against China in cyber warfare?
Frequency
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Development of superior weaponry
35
35.0
35.0
35.0
Development of superior deterrence
mechanism
38
38.0
38.0
73.0
Consistent monitoring of the global web
27
27.0
27.0
100.0
Total
100
100.0
100.0
Regarding the ways in which the U.S department of defense is prepared against
China in cyber warfare, 35% of the respondents believe America is prepared especially
C Y B E R W A R F A R E 12
through preparing of superior weaponry, 38% stated that the U.S preparation is based on
development of superior deterrent mechanism, while minority 27% believe that the U.S is
prepared for cyberspace warfare with China through enhanced and consistent monitoring
of the global web. This leads to valid frequency and cumulative frequency of 100.
Survey Questions
The survey questions targeted American respondents unlike the questionnaires
that targeted the Chinese respondents in the quest to dig through the issue of cyberspace
warfare between the two super powers. Americans were contacted through phones and
responded as illustrated in the frequency tables below:
1. What is cyberspace?
Frequency
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
The global internet space
30
30.0
30.0
30.0
The cloud of internet space
20
20.0
20.0
50.0
The hosts of the global
interconnectivity networks
50
50.0
50.0
100.0
Total
100
100.0
100.0
Initially, through making phone calls, respondents were asked questions about
their understanding of the term cyberspace, 30% of the respondents stated that
cyberspace is a global internet space, 20% stated that it is a cloud of internet space, while
majority 50% stated that cyberspace is the host of the global interconnectivity networks.
The total valid percentage and cumulative percentage is 100 respectively.
C Y B E R W A R F A R E 13
2. What is a concern for security apparatus?
Frequency
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
It is an integral part of contemporary
information gathering
54
54.0
54.0
54.0
It is a strategic military battle ground
20
20.0
20.0
74.0
Contemporary organizations are
digitally based
26
26.0
26.0
100.0
Total
100
100.0
100.0
Now, according to the table above, 54% of the respondents stated that concern for
security apparatus is an integral part of contemporary information gathering, merely 20%
affirmed that it is a strategic military battle ground, while the remaining 26% affirmed
that security apparatus is contemporary organizations that are digitally based. This
culminated into valid and cumulative percentage of 100 respectively.
3. What efforts does security apparatus put forth in the protection of the American
cyberspace?
Frequency
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Consistent monitoring of the global
cyberspace
44
44.0
44.0
44.0
Development of superior deterrence
mechanisms in cyberspace
30
30.0
30.0
74.0
Analysis of patterns and threats for
potential action
26
26.0
26.0
100.0
Total
100
100.0
100.0
According to the table above, 44% of the respondents stated that consistent
monitoring of the global cyberspace is the effort that security apparatus put forth in the
protection of the American cyberspace, 30% stated that development of superior deterrent
mechanisms in cyberspace, while the rest 26% stated that analysis of patterns and threats
for potential actions is the effort that security apparatus put forth in the protection of the
American cyberspace. This leads to valid and cumulative percentage of 100 respectively.
C Y B E R W A R F A R E 14
4. Does the U.S. fear for cyber warfare with China?
Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
No
40
40.0
40.0
40.0
Not really
25
25.0
25.0
65.0
I do not think
35
35.0
35.0
100.0
Total
100
100.0
100.0
Regarding the question confirming is the U.S. fear for cyber warfare with China,
40 respondents confirmed that the U.S. does not fear cyberspace warfare with China,
25% of the respondents stated that “Not really”, while the remaining 35% stated that they
do not think that the U.S fear cyber warfare with China. This culminated into valid and
cumulative percentage of 100 respectively.
5. Why then does the U.S. have numerous numbers of personnel monitoring the
global cyberspace?
Frequency
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
To act as pioneer cyberspace
developer globally
45
45.0
45.0
45.0
To protect its own interests
15
15.0
15.0
60.0
To defend against malicious
cyber activities as they occur.
40
40.0
40.0
100.0
Total
100
100.0
100.0
Table above indicate that 45% of the respondents supported the question on why
the U.S have numerous numbers of personnel monitoring the global cyberspace because
they act as pioneer cyberspace developers globally. However, only 15% of the
respondents stated that the reason is mainly to protect against malicious interests, the
remaining 40% of the respondents based their argument on the ability to defend against
malicious cyber activities when they occur. Thus culminating to valid and cumulative
percentage of 100 respectively.

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