1. Home
  2. Samples List
  3. View

Data Management Project

Running head: CANADA’S SOCIAL ISSUE AND CRIME RATE 1
Data Management Project – Canada’s Social Issue and Crime Rate
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Date
CANADA’S SOCIAL ISSUE AND CRIME RATE 2
Data Management Project – Canada’s Social Issue and Crime Rate
Introduction
The last couple of years have seen Canada battle with a social issue chosen in the form of
the outcomes for immigrant economies and social results in Canada. On the other hand, a
declining crime rate in the country has also worked to help strengthen the very unity of the
country, at times working to bring solidify the security and safety of the always stable and
peaceful North American country. For instance, in the period between 2015 and 2016, a
whooping seven out of the country’s thirteen provinces recorded a decrement in their respective
Crime Severity Index, with Northwest Territories recording the largest decrement of -9%. For
instance, in the chart below, the data presented was obtained Aggregate Survey by the Uniform
Crime Reporting and brings forth a comparison that is backdated all the way to 1962. Uniform
Crime Reporting is inclusive of some varying crimes. The following tables shows a series of
reports based on the findings of the police. All of the data and charts are derived from the police
reported crime statistics in Canada, 2016 carried out by Kathryn Keighley. Hence, all references
are related to this article released on the 24
th
of July 2017.
Table 1
Year
CSI
Violent CSI
Index
1998
119
98
1999
111
99
CANADA’S SOCIAL ISSUE AND CRIME RATE 3
2000
107
98
2001
105
97
2002
104
96
2003
107
98
2004
104
96
2005
101
99
2006
100
100
2007
95
98
2008
91
95
2009
88
94
2010
83
89
2011
78
86
2012
75
82
2013
69
74
2014
67
71
2015
70
75
2016
71
75
Source: Keighley (2017)
CANADA’S SOCIAL ISSUE AND CRIME RATE 4
Table 2
Year
CSI
CSI
1998
119
1999
111
2000
107
2001
105
2002
104
2003
107
2004
104
2005
101
2006
100
2007
95
2008
91
2009
88
2010
83
2011
78
2012
75
CANADA’S SOCIAL ISSUE AND CRIME RATE 5
2013
69
2014
67
2015
70
2016
71
Source: Keighley (2017)
Table 3
Year
Total
Violent crimes
Property crimes
Other crimes
rate per 100,000 populace
1962
2,771
221
1,891
659
1963
3,022
249
2,047
726
1964
3,245
284
2,146
815
1965
3,199
299
2,091
809
1966
3,511
347
2,258
907
1967
3,850
381
2,484
985
1968
4,336
423
2,826
1,087
CANADA’S SOCIAL ISSUE AND CRIME RATE 6
1969
4,737
453
3,120
1,164
1970
5,212
481
3,515
1,217
1971
5,311
492
3,649
1,170
1972
5,355
497
3,634
1,224
1973
5,773
524
3,704
1,546
1974
6,388
553
4,151
1,684
1975
6,852
585
4,498
1,769
1976
6,984
584
4,533
1,867
1977
6,971
572
4,466
1,933
1978
7,154
580
4,579
1,995
1979
7,666
610
4,903
2,153
1980
8,343
636
5,444
2,263
1981
8,736
654
5,759
2,322
1982
8,773
671
5,840
2,262
CANADA’S SOCIAL ISSUE AND CRIME RATE 7
1983
8,470
679
5,608
2,182
1984
8,387
701
5,501
2,185
1985
8,413
735
5,451
2,227
1986
8,727
785
5,550
2,392
1987
8,957
829
5,553
2,575
1988
8,919
868
5,439
2,613
1989
8,892
911
5,289
2,692
1990
9,485
973
5,612
2,900
1991
10,342
1,059
6,160
3,122
1992
10,040
1,084
5,904
3,052
1993
9,538
1,082
5,575
2,881
1994
9,125
1,047
5,257
2,821
1995
9,008
1,009
5,292
2,707
1996
8,932
1,002
5,274
2,656
CANADA’S SOCIAL ISSUE AND CRIME RATE 8
1997
8,475
993
4,880
2,603
1998
8,093
995
4,569
2,529
1999
7,695
971
4,276
2,449
2000
7,610
996
4,081
2,534
2001
7,592
995
4,004
2,593
2002
7,516
980
3,976
2,560
2003
7,773
978
4,125
2,670
2004
7,601
957
3,976
2,668
2005
7,326
962
3,744
2,620
2006
7,246
968
3,605
2,673
2007
6,908
952
3,335
2,621
2008
6,632
938
3,096
2,598
2009
6,462
926
3,005
2,531
2010
6,160
907
2,802
2,451
CANADA’S SOCIAL ISSUE AND CRIME RATE 9
2011
5,780
869
2,586
2,324
2012
5,633
842
2,521
2,270
2013
5,196
767
2,344
2,085
2014
5,047
734
2,321
1,992
2015
5,211
752
2,427
2,032
2016
5,224
748
2,466
2,011
Source: Keighley (2017)
Table 4
Year
CSI
Violence CSI
index
1998
119
98
1999
111
99
2000
107
98
2001
105
97
2002
104
96
2003
107
98
CANADA’S SOCIAL ISSUE AND CRIME RATE 10
2004
104
96
2005
101
99
2006
100
100
2007
95
98
2008
91
95
2009
88
94
2010
83
89
2011
78
86
2012
75
82
2013
69
74
2014
67
71
2015
70
75
2016
71
75
Source: Keighley (2017)
Table 5
Year
Newfoundland and
Labrador
Prince Edward
Island
Nova
Scotia
New
Brunswick
Canada
Crime Severity Index
CANADA’S SOCIAL ISSUE AND CRIME RATE 11
1998
76
73
105
90
119
1999
69
79
105
90
111
2000
70
76
95
85
107
2001
69
75
93
83
105
2002
71
85
94
85
104
2003
74
91
101
88
107
2004
79
82
107
88
104
2005
79
77
102
80
101
2006
73
72
101
74
100
2007
75
64
92
71
95
2008
71
69
84
72
91
2009
71
66
84
71
88
2010
79
66
84
69
83
2011
72
67
79
66
78
2012
68
73
77
68
75
2013
68
65
70
60
69
2014
62
55
66
56
67
2015
66
50
63
63
70
CANADA’S SOCIAL ISSUE AND CRIME RATE 12
2016
69
49
61
62
71
Source: Keighley (2017)
Table 6
Year
Quebec
Ontario
British Columbia
Canada
Crime Severity Index
1998
113
101
167
119
1999
104
92
156
111
2000
102
89
145
107
2001
97
87
147
105
2002
94
85
148
104
2003
93
83
155
107
2004
90
78
153
104
2005
90
77
146
101
2006
91
79
140
100
2007
85
75
132
95
2008
83
71
122
91
2009
81
69
112
88
CANADA’S SOCIAL ISSUE AND CRIME RATE 13
2010
76
66
104
83
2011
73
61
97
78
2012
70
59
95
75
2013
62
52
89
69
2014
57
50
91
67
2015
56
51
94
70
2016
55
53
94
71
Source: Keighley (2017)
Table 7
Year
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
Canada
Crime Severity Index
1998
154
176
123
119
1999
153
167
119
111
2000
150
169
111
107
2001
153
176
115
105
2002
148
176
116
104
2003
161
200
125
107
CANADA’S SOCIAL ISSUE AND CRIME RATE 14
2004
163
192
124
104
2005
157
181
122
101
2006
156
171
116
100
2007
151
165
114
95
2008
130
153
112
91
2009
138
150
106
88
2010
127
148
98
83
2011
116
144
88
78
2012
114
139
86
75
2013
101
126
85
69
2014
97
124
87
67
2015
106
137
104
70
2016
114
149
102
71
Source: Keighley (2017)
In charts form, the tables are presented as follows:
CANADA’S SOCIAL ISSUE AND CRIME RATE 15
CANADA’S SOCIAL ISSUE AND CRIME RATE 16
CANADA’S SOCIAL ISSUE AND CRIME RATE 17
CANADA’S SOCIAL ISSUE AND CRIME RATE 18
CANADA’S SOCIAL ISSUE AND CRIME RATE 19
The last quarter of a century has witnessed mixed continuous deterioration in terms of
economic results for the immigrants getting into Canada. Nevertheless, the second-generation
citizens – children of the settlers- have received a relatively positive developments. Further,
regardless of the of the economic constraints, after approximately four years in the country,
majority of the settlers getting in by 2000 held on to positive thoughts in relation to their
immigration choices. Most of them constantly cited safety, adherence to the human rights,
freedom, and security as some of the factors that lured them into the country (Schaafsma, Joseph,
and Arthur Sweetman, 2001). As one part of this deliverable, an analysis of what is known
concerning economic deterioration, and most possible factors behind it, with most references
made to the data and research provided by Statistic Canada. The brief research also brings forth
an outline of the data development that Statistics Canada undertook and policy partners to offer
help enhanced research on the topic. The research outlines clear suggestions that the 80s and 90s
had direct ties to the deterioration of the economic effects. First, the constantly changing base
regions and associated issues like language and the quality of the school. Second, decline in the
returns to the foreign experience. Finally, constantly reducing economic results for new entrants
in the labor market, where settlers forms part of a special case. However, after the turn of the 21
st
century, the reasons seem to have changed a bit and have association to the sudden increment in
the amount of engineers and IT employees jetting into the country and the subsequent downturn
of IT. Based on data, Canadians have constantly regarded immigration as being a pillar of
development of the country and hence have constantly continued supporting it (Soroka, Stuart,
Richard Johnston and Keith Banting, 2007). As part of this deliverable, an analysis of the
research done by Statistics Canada is done and shows positive economic outcomes for majority
of the second-generation Canadians. As one of the final elements, the paper also factors in a brief
CANADA’S SOCIAL ISSUE AND CRIME RATE 20
discussion of how immigration and social unity interact in Canada, and the most probable
reasons that have hindered contentment with the policies surrounding immigration in Canada as
opposed to other countries.
Outcomes relating to economics and social issues of the Canadian immigrants and their
second-generation has become one of the greatest concerns with relation to policies in Canada.
Immigrations into Canada has reached its historical peak over the last few years, and looks like a
certainty that it will remain there for a long time to come. Majority of the current policy analysts
and business personnel hold to the belief that labor shortages currently being witnessed in the
country should be one of the stimulants for immigrants to stream into the country (Ferrer, Ana,
David Green and Craig Riddell. 2003). These enhanced levels of immigrations have caused a
noticeable changes in regard to social and economic orientation of Canada, with outcomes of the
immigrants changing significant over the last few couple of years.
Research of the 1980s provides a suggestion that associated traditional patterns of
outcomes of economic activities have continued to witness constant change, and can’s be said
that its moving for the better. Research clearly suggests that there is a continued widening in the
gap between the immigrants and those born in Canada, regardless of the souring literacy levels of
the immigrants. Also, low income experienced by the successive groups of arriving immigrants
has continued to rise, both in regard to absolute terms and in relativity to those born in Canada.
The research highlights some of the potential reasons for this deterioration being
witnessed, putting much emphasis on three major ones. First, experienced change over a period
of time from when the immigrants arrive and related issues like skills pertaining to languages
and quality of school. Second, reduction in the economic returns to experience of foreign work,
to a point that in the late years of the 90s majority of those who were entering Canada received
CANADA’S SOCIAL ISSUE AND CRIME RATE 21
negligible economic remuneration for any form of work experience that they obtained before
entering Canada. Third, there has been a constant deterioration in the outcomes of labor markets
for new entrants, which the immigrants form the greatest part. Nevertheless, research indicates a
different story for those who came to the country after the turn of 21
st
century. The most recently
recorded deterioration is blamed on the sudden surge of the percentage of information
technology employees and skilled engineers getting into Canada, and difficulty they have of
locating a suitable employment. This can be to a large extent blamed on the witnessed downturn
that took place in the period between 2001 and 2004. Reviewed research in the deliverable also
considers the extent to which the alterations in the characteristics of immigrants since the 1993
have resulted to positive impact in the economic outcomes. The findings are that changing
characteristics of immigrants have led to an improvement in the economic results for the settlers
at the very top of income distribution, but had negligible impacts at the lowest level of the
income distribution.
The experienced economic meltdown among the first immigrants is not the sole concern.
The outcome enjoyed by their children also form one of the greatest worries for them.
Nevertheless, this research shades a positive picture in regard to this. Majority of the second-
generation Canadians get high educational levels, and hence, tend to perform better with regard
to the labor market. Their achievements with regard to education and economics are observed to
either equal or even be better than their counterparts born in Canada.
In relation to the perception that immigrants have in regard to their life in the North
American country, regardless of the harsh economic environments that majority of them have
experienced in the last couple of years, they still have positive thoughts in relation to them
coming into the country. With most of the immigrants who arrived after 2000 remaining positive
CANADA’S SOCIAL ISSUE AND CRIME RATE 22
of their decisions to come into the country. However, there are high speculations regarding why
immigration have resulted in more unwanted results on Canadian social cohesion, majorly
compared to other European countries. The positive reasons for this include the fact that as
opposed to most of the countries, Canada has never fought for a single identity as a nation.
Commencing with the confederation that occurred in 1867, Canada has been forced to factor in
two groups that have parallel religious, language and cultural views, the English and the French.
A tradition of these types of accommodations have been the end result. Besides, Canada
considers itself as being a country of immigrant, with most Canadians priding themselves in the
ability that the country has of welcoming visitors. Some other factors that could result in total
negative impacts regarding social cohesion are inclusive of relatively higher literacy standards
among the immigrants. Secondly, the idea that political parties at all levels hold to the arguments
that increased immigrants are a necessity due to looming labor shortages, and majority of the
Canadian population buys into this message is also a key factor. Thirdly, the enhanced civic
engagement by the country’s immigrants is also one of the major factors. Finally, diversity of
race of the immigrants getting into Canada and large of serious issues tied to the illegal
immigrants may have contributed too (Carliner, Geoffrey, 1981). Faced with the drive to
maneuver around the existing immigration issues, existing sources of data were used for this
particular research. With more concentration given to census, to help with shedding light into
key issues.
Conclusion
The response produced by Statistics Canada to the issues surrounding immigrant
outcomes, that this paper documents was spearheaded by a series of priorities that the Agency
has put in place. First, substantive research enables the statistical agency to hold strong to
CANADA’S SOCIAL ISSUE AND CRIME RATE 23
significant and economic trends in a manner considered as objective, this leads to contribution to
public discussion and development of necessary policy (Burbidge, Magee and Robb, 2002).
Through this, the agency fulfils its mandate of not just helping with the collection of statistics but
also to help with its analysis.
Substantive research also provides significant feedback related to data quality. For
instance, information relating to under-coverage issues of the immigrants stemmed from these
types of substantive analysis (Borjas, George, 1985). Fundamental feedback obtained from the
research provides statisticians with the ability of learning what was able to work and that which
failed when Canadian immigrants are being studied. Further, the success in relation to
substantive and development of data is assisted with very strong relation to the community of
academic research. Priorities of the research are boosted by relevant policy agencies, regardless
of the fact that they are not the major influencers. Besides, researchers from the agency have
managed to have a successful interaction with the academic associates through the publication
obtained from the academic journals, presentations held at relevant academic conferences and
the co-production of related studies. This type of activity enabled this research to be kept at the
highest, updated methods, and is one of the major reasons of credibility of the studies and results
that have been produced by this research. On the other hand, this research will enable the country
to effectively carry out its recruitment processes, providing an appropriate opportunity for
statistics Canada to get some of the best graduates that the immigrants have to offer.
Besides, regardless of the slight increment of the CSI by 1% in 2016, Canada has enjoyed
a relatively stable crime rate. All of the provinces in Canada and it territories experienced a
decrease in their respective CSI, majorly as a result of reduced cases of robberies. Contrary,
sexual violence against the children experienced a substantial increase over the same period of
CANADA’S SOCIAL ISSUE AND CRIME RATE 24
time. On the other hand, there was an increase in CSI’s non-violent crime as a result of high
cases of cases of fraud reported by the police. Notably, there was also a decrease in the youth
CSI and non-violent case of CSI in the year 2016. When all these factors are put into
consideration, Canada seems to be on path to enjoying a long-spell of peace and stability that
will continue to even attract more immigrants and a subsequent surge in the economic sector due
to ease of availability of labor.
CANADA’S SOCIAL ISSUE AND CRIME RATE 25
References
Borjas, George J. 1985. “Assimilation, changes in cohort quality, and the earnings of
immigrants.” Journal of Labor Economic. 3, 4: 463–489.
Burbidge, J.B., L.S. Magee and A.L. Robb. 2002. “The education premium in Canada and the
United States.” Canadian Public Policy. 28, 2: 203–217.
Carliner, Geoffrey. 1981. “Wage differences by language group and the market for language
skills in Canada.” Journal of Human Resources. 16, 3: 384–399.
Chiswick, Barry R. 1978. “The effect of Americanization on the earnings of foreign-born men.”
Journal of Political Economy. 86, 5: 897–921.
Chiswick, Barry R., and Paul W. Miller. 2002. “Immigrant earning: Language skills, linguistic
concentrations and the business cycle.” Journal of Population Economics. 15, 1: 31–57.
Citizenship and Immigration Canada. 2007. CIC Quarterly Tracking Survey. Ottawa: Citizenship
and Immigration Canada.
Ferrer, Ana, David A. Green and W. Craig Riddell. 2003. The Effect of Literacy on Immigrant
Earnings. University of British Columbia, Department of Economics.
Ferrer, Ana, and W. Craig Riddell. 2003. Education, Credentials and Immigrant Earnings.
University of British Columbia, Department of Economics.
Green, David A., and Christopher Worswick. 2002. Earnings of Immigrant Men in Canada: The
Roles of Labour Market Entry Effects and Returns to Foreign Experience. Paper prepared
for Citizenship and Immigration Canada. University of British Columbia, Department of
Economics.
CANADA’S SOCIAL ISSUE AND CRIME RATE 26
Reitz, Jeffrey G. 2001. “Immigrant success in the knowledge economy: Institutional change and
the immigrant experience in Canada, 1970–1995.” Journal of Social Issues. 57, 2: 579–
613.
Schaafsma, Joseph, and Arthur Sweetman. 2001. “Immigrant earnings: Age at immigration
matters.” Canadian Journal of Economics. 34, 4: 1066–1098.
Soroka, Stuart N., Richard Johnston and Keith Banting. 2007. “Ties that bind? Social cohesion
and diversity in Canada.” In Belonging? Diversity, Recognition and Shared Citizenship in
Canada. The Art of the State Series, Vol. 3. Keith Banting, Thomas J. Courchene, and F.
Leslie Seidle (editors). Montréal: Institute for Research on Public Policy.
Keighley K. (2017). Police-reported crime statistics in Canada. Catalogue no. 85-002-X ISSN
1209-6393

Place new order. It's free, fast and safe

-+
550 words
Total price: $ 15.00

Our customers say

Customer Avatar
Jeff Curtis
USA, Student

"I'm fully satisfied with the essay I've just received. When I read it, I felt like it was exactly what I wanted to say, but couldn’t find the necessary words. Thank you!"

Customer Avatar
Ian McGregor
UK, Student

"I don’t know what I would do without your assistance! With your help, I met my deadline just in time and the work was very professional. I will be back in several days with another assignment!"

Customer Avatar
Shannon Williams
Canada, Student

"It was the perfect experience! I enjoyed working with my writer, he delivered my work on time and followed all the guidelines about the referencing and contents."

  • 5-paragraph Essay
  • Admission Essay
  • Annotated Bibliography
  • Argumentative Essay
  • Article Review
  • Assignment
  • Biography
  • Book/Movie Review
  • Business Plan
  • Case Study
  • Cause and Effect Essay
  • Classification Essay
  • Comparison Essay
  • Coursework
  • Creative Writing
  • Critical Thinking/Review
  • Deductive Essay
  • Definition Essay
  • Essay (Any Type)
  • Exploratory Essay
  • Expository Essay
  • Informal Essay
  • Literature Essay
  • Multiple Choice Question
  • Narrative Essay
  • Personal Essay
  • Persuasive Essay
  • Powerpoint Presentation
  • Reflective Writing
  • Research Essay
  • Response Essay
  • Scholarship Essay
  • Term Paper
We use cookies to provide you with the best possible experience. By using this website you are accepting the use of cookies mentioned in our Privacy Policy.