Diseases

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23/10/2017
COMPARING AND CONTRASTING INFLUENZA, ALLERGIES, AND COPD DISEASES
Influenza commonly referred to as flu is an acute infection that affects respiratory system of
a human being. The respiratory system consists of lungs, throat, and nose that are attacked by the
virus hence dismantling respiratory epithelial lining. Following this, the respiratory lungs can
possibly be vulnerable to bacteria causing pneumonia in humans. Moreover, a flu virus that
travels through air when an infected person coughs, talks or sneezes causes influenza and
contagious people are infected.
Allergies are immune system reactions that are hypersensitive and occur when a far-off
substance such as pollen is exposed to a person’s body. They are caused by inappropriate
response of the immune system. Conversely, the immune system produces antibodies that detect
specific allergen, which can be harmful. Reactions of allergy can be severe or mild depending on
a person’s immune system.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a chronic lung condition that causes
blocking of air flowing in the lungs making it difficult to breathe. It is commonly caused by too
much smoking and develops time to time. Consequently, people who are above 40 years of age
are the ones who are mostly diagnosed with COPD.
In contrast, these three diseases have different symptoms, risk factors, and prevention. The
common symptoms of influenza are fever with high temperatures, sweats, muscle aching,
headache, fatigue, persistent coughs, and sore throats whereas allergies are identified by itching
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of nose or eyes, coughing, running nose, sneezing, swelling of the tongue or face, rashes and
watery eyes. On the other hand, COPD’s main symptom is coughing daily and producing mucus
and other signs are weakness, weight loss, chest tightness, wheezing, leg swelling, and shortness
of breath.
In Biology, a risk factor is a thing that increases the risk of developing complications.
Influenza risk factors are age, chronic illnesses, weak immune system, living conditions,
pregnancy, and obesity. Pneumonia is a chronic complication that can develop out of influenza
and can kill older people as well as children. Allergies can be something in-born; therefore, its
risk factors are family history whereby a person can have asthma that significantly develops
allergies. Being a child is another risk as children are more susceptible to allergies that adults.
Moreover, researchers have shown that less exposure to sunlight increases risk of allergies and
people who have an allergy to specific allergen can develop allergies to other allergens. COPD’s
risk factors are smoking, exposure to chemicals, fumes and dusts, age and genetic disorders.
In conclusion, recommendations in preventing Influenza are getting flu vaccination in every
person over six months old. Allergies can be prevented depending on type of allergy but
generally identifying what causes it and avoiding triggers are the best measures. Finally, COPD
can generally be prevented by stopping smoking cigarette,
References
1. Lo
̈
tvall, Jan, and W W. Busse. Advances in Combination Therapy for Asthma and Copd. John
Wiley & Sons, 2012.
2. Naff, Clay F. Allergies. Greenhaven P, 2009.
3. Stockley, Robert A, et al. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Practical Guide to
Management. John Wiley & Sons, 2008.
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