Early civilization

Running head: THE EARLY CIVILIZATION 1
The Early Civilization
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THE EARLY CIVILIZATION 2
The Early Civilization
In the current world, there is a significant amount of civilization all over. The first four
human civilizations trace their roots to different nations, for instance, Egypt, India, and
Mesopotamia as well as China. The cultures of the people who inhabited in this areas were
mostly influenced by their geographical positions, for example, Egypt is structurally located on
Nile River, Indus River in India, Huang He River in China and lastly the Tigris as well as
Euphrates River in Mesopotamia. Other factors include trade patterns, their religious beliefs as
well as their agricultural practices. This factors influenced their political system significantly and
also their relationship with each other (first civilization 2016).
The geographical surroundings for example closeness of Egypt to river Nile played a
major role in the forming of the Egyptian civilization. With river Nile carrying a lot of fertile
eroded soil, the Egyptians used the river water for irrigation. According to research, the early
inhabitants referred Egypt as a breadbasket as it was a major producer of grains. Additionally,
the Egyptians have ample knowledge and when the Nile River would flood and thus prepared
adequately for the catastrophic flooding. Furthermore, the Egyptian Nile River was surrounded
by deserts on its sides which prevented the foreign armies from attacking the Egyptian people
due to water scarcity.
On the other hand, Mesopotamia located on the Tigris and Euphrates river had influenced
the civilization of the people in the area both positive and negative ways. Like in Egypt
Euphrates and Tigris River provided water and fertile soil for irrigation which had a positive
impact on the civilization of the people. However, the people of the area had no prior knowledge
of when the river would flood, thus causing a lot of catastrophic destruction of the people's crops
as well as homes (Acrobatiq, 2016).
THE EARLY CIVILIZATION 3
Regarding their religious beliefs, the early civilizations were characterized by their
polytheist nature. That is, the worshiped more than one god. For instance, the ancient Egyptians
worshiped Ra and the god of the sun Osiris the god of death and life. . However, as time moved,
the people of Mesopotamia transformed from being a polytheist culture to worshiping and
believing in the Only God, Yahweh. They also read the Torah. Before this transformation, they
had built Ziggurats in the center of the city as places of worship of the gods. They also believed
that catastrophic things happened because they had angered their gods. Therefore, they strived to
do things that pleased their gods (Acrobatiq, 2016).
On political basis, the Egyptians leaders, pharaohs were also considered godly thus
drawing a close relation of political and religious life. Furthermore, they built pyramids for the
pharaohs and had a writing system known as hieroglyphics. Egypt civilization also was marked
with their twelve-month calendar achievement (The Social Structure of Ancient Egypt, 2014).
On the other hand, the Mesopotamia civilization was marked by city and states that were
ruled by an assembly of citizens as well as a council of nobles. They were governed by a priest
who was also their king and a military commander. Among the greatest achievements of
Mesopotamia was the Hammurabi’s law code which was written on a lay tablet. This law had
rules and the consequences of disobeying the rules. For instance, if one killed the tax collector or
accidentally breathed on the king, the punishment would be by death. According to a study by
Acrobatiq, the Mesopotamian had a significant and consistent transformation in their political
structure from the Sumerians Empire to old Babylonian empire up to the Neo-Babylonian
Empire.
THE EARLY CIVILIZATION 4
References
The Social Structure of Ancient Egypt. (2014, february 16). Retrieved from Ancient Egypt
Online: http://www.ancient-egypt-online.com/ancient-egypt-social-structure.html
Acrobatiq |. (2016). Acrobatiq.com. Retrieved 27 September 2016, from
http://acrobatiq.com/portfolio- item/world-history/
(2016). Highered.mheducation.com. Retrieved 27 September 2016, from
http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/dl/free/0809222299/45391/WHistory1.html

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