EFFECTS OF CAFFEIN ON COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS                                                 3 
 
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expectations can help improve memory recollection to a certain extent but, remember this only 
happened when it was combined with caffeine (James, 2014). 
There is a correlation between personality and cognitive functions. To understand this in 
connection better, take a look at the effects of caffeine, personality, and memory. Caffeine seems 
to increase the efficiency of working memory in extroverted personalities but seemed to have no 
effect on working memory in introverted personalities. This shows a deeper connection than just 
caffeine and the effects on the body. This also shows that one’s personality also might have an 
effect on biological reactions. 
Lastly, there need to make sure that other ingested items do not have an effect on the 
memory recall of caffeine. To discover if the food had an effect on caffeine in memory Smith 
(1994) conducted  an experiment to  see if  breakfast and breakfast and caffeine combined had 
different  results  for  memory  recall  than  pure  caffeine  (Bloomer,  Majaj,  Moran  & 
MacDonnchadh, 2015). His result showed by itself breakfast had no results on memory recall. 
When combined caffeine enriched performance on cognitive functions and recognition memory 
roles. Caffeine has no effect on semantic memory roles. It impairs the accurateness of carrying 
out a logical reasoning. Contrary, caffeine expands the functioning of logical reasoning, semantic 
memory, recognition memory tasks, and free recall. Although, if a group is given either caffeine 
or  a  placebo  that  the  group  taking  caffeine  will  have  an  overall  higher  memory  recall  when 
taking a recall test. This helps reveal that regardless of food intake the increase in performance is 
based on caffeine.    
Caffeine has an impact on cognitive functions such as performance and mood through 
impeding  the  tie  of  both  benzodiazepine  and  adenosine  receptor  ligands  to  impact  a  person’s