Extra Credit - Micro Economics

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In my reaction paper, I concentrated on the video whereby Emmanuel Saez shares his
opinions concerning wealth inequality in the United States and beyond. From a mainstream
economics point of view, technological changes and globalization are highly attributed to the issue
of wealth inequality. Mainstream economics often forgets the vital role that inequality plays in
major macroeconomic events. Additionally, mainstream economics fails to realize the relevance
of inequality, especially in macroeconomic fluctuations. From the start of the video, the
interviewee asks Emmanuel Saez why people should be concerned about inequality. In his
response, he explains that from the society grassroots, people evaluate their success in relation to
other people’s wealth. Notably, the post-world war period experienced minimal inequality levels,
but over the past ten years, the effects of the issue have returned (Saez). Although the great
recession catalyzed growth, the economy was not growing equitably within different countries.
Thus, Emmanuel thinks that people should only be worried about inequality at the national level.
Mainstream economics expresses various biases in relation to inequality due to the
assumption that desire for personal benefits and rationality of individuals governs their behaviour.
Persistent inequality arises due to unequal economic growth in different social classes in society.
For instance, during growth in an economy, the fact that the middle class does not experience
growth determines inequality. I think this can be supported by the stagnation thesis which
postulates that when growth is concentrated on a few people, less GDP growth is achieved. Further,
I think that people from low social classes may fail to access the resources to propel themselves
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by obtaining a better education. It, therefore, means that the inequality gap between both widens.
While those financially stable can sustain themselves through better education implying that they
can get better pay, they also relatively increase their savings through the multiplier effect hence
widening the inequality gap.
Macroeconomic fluctuations play an important role in wealth stabilizing inequality in a
country. In essence, a growing inequality leads to a negative aggregate shock in demand.
Therefore, efforts to solve inequality should encompass both economic growth and economic
development (Palma and Joseph, 40). Moreover, aggressive implementation of financialization
policies can positively influence efforts to balance wealth inequality. The overall fiscal policy
framework can significantly affect inequality through leveraging progressive taxation and
regulation of an economy’s finance. Besides the principle in mainstream economics that personal
benefits should always be safeguarded, a proposition to implement a tax on broad incomes
including inheritance can significantly reduce inequality. On an individual basis, fiscal policies
should also be formulated to create more employment for the less privileged societies. Such a
move would help reduce the gap between the wealthy, middle class and the poor.
Globally, there exist transnational inequalities too. Global inequality is as important as
national inequality. Mitigating solutions to global inequalities would entail massive distribution of
resources mainly from the developed countries to the poor and developing countries. At such a
point, I would oppose such a move because each country is endowed with different resources.
Similarly, a country’s wealth is majorly determined by tax contribution of its citizens. Therefore,
each independent state should invest in engineering feasible ways to solve the inequality in each
country. By doing that, I think the global inequality would have been addressed. Lastly, Inequality
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seems to be growing uncontrollably worldwide, my question would be why do people still care
about inequality in the world and why does inequality evolve the way it does?
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Works Cited.
Saez Emmanuel. Wealth Inequality In The US And Beyond. New Economic
Thinking, 2016.
Palma, José Gabriel, and Joseph E. Stiglitz. "Do nations just get the inequality
they deserve? the “Palma ratio” re-examined." Inequality and Growth:
Patterns and Policy. Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2016. 35-97.

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