Formal Methods For Security Protocol

Formal Methods for Security Protocol

1. Introduction

Security protocols use cryptographic primitives as build blocks in order to achieve

security goals such as the authentications, confidentiality and the integrity. Cryptographic

primitive are from the perspective of a software developer in atomic cryptographic

operations. They are number of hashing operations which are being used to safeguard

information such as the MD5, SHA-1, SHA-256, SHA-512 are the most common used.

They are other types of the cryptographic operations which are also used these includes

symmetric schemes such as the AES, asymmetric like public key systems and the digital

signatures like the HMACs. The security protocols are well known to be difficult for one

to get right. They are many protocols which are proposed by different kind of the literature

while as many protocols are exploited in the practice and they are turned and they are

flawed but since their well functions ware made on the base implicit assumptions.

They are number of approaches which have been put a place for formal verifications

of the security protocols in order to overcome the problems of faulty implementations and

hidden requirements. They are number of methods used for the formal verifications of the

security protocols such as the BAN- logic, strand spaces and the Casper/ FDR-approaches.

All those three methods plus other not mentioned they abstract a way from cryptographic

details. Never the less they take for granted that other suitable cryptographic primitives

such as the decryption and encryptions, verifications and the digital signatures are given

and they are cryptographic safe. Putting into consideration that no software or application

should be developed and commercialized pre the crypto analytic evaluation is carried out

in the algorithms have been accessed and the subsequent analytical is weighted in all

aspects.

Formal verifications is the use of the mathematical techniques that ensures that the

design conforms to some precisely expressed in the notion of the correctness. In previous

years security protocols had be design to and then analyzed heuristically. Failure to conduct

and implement formal methods of the verification could result to security errors which may

remain undetected. In formal verifications techniques also provides the sequential way of

discovering protocol flaws. They are also used to design and also describe the so many way

of obstruction starting from the gate level, to RTL implementations and in other cases it is

used even at the transaction level models elaborated in the standardized programming

languages. Beyond other factors such as the conformity of the correctness they are other

formal methods when in cooperated with the design phases of the system development thus

results into more accurate and the lower cost of the systems.

It is unfortunate all those protocols verification methodologies are very complicated

and such cannot be implemented by the protocol engineers. There is a huge gap in respect

to the academic research about ways of verification techniques and their functionality in

evaluating the prospective design and the implementation flaws in complicated systems.

In discipline to these paper, it is intended to extant, analyze and also compare the man

prevalent approaches in accordance to the formal verifications of the security protocols.

They are four well known verifications approaches: sequential programming approach,

logical programming approach, the strand spaces approach, the belief based approach

The four broader domain fall under the model checking and logical interference. Each and

every mentioned methodologies are all inclusive in the Needham Schroeder public protocol

for Lowes attack. On this paper we only focus on three main approaches.

2. The BAN-Logic

The BAN Logic it is one of the methods used in analysis of the cryptographic protocols.

The main factor of it is to show how the methods works and applied. Even though the

method can be easily be applied while giving quick insight in the working of the protocols.

The method was developed by the Burrows Abadi and Needham for analyzing

authentications of the protocols. In discipline the logic are public thus shares the key

primitive which are formalized and also a notion of a fresh message. The BAN logic can

also be used in answering some of the basics assumptions such as the does the logic uses

unnecessary actions of which can be left out or does the protocol encrypt anything which

can be either be sent without necessary weakening the security. The last factor to consider

is what are the assumptions which are needed for this protocol.

The BAN logic makes it possible to reason with a simple way over the cryptographic in a

formal way. In the basic of the logic is to belief of a party in the reality of the formula.

Formula they don’t have to be true but in general have a sense of truth.

Notation

Notations shows the syntax of the BAN logic. They are number of symbols which are

omitted by the most common symbols are given here and described. They are other

syntactical rules of the Burrows, Abdi and Needham.

Q believes that Z holds: Q |≡ Z. This means that Z believes that the current run of the

protocols that the formula Z is true. One can not conclude that Z is either valid

Q sees the formula 𝒁: 𝑷⨞ 𝒁 thus can be said that Z is true. This is not true that Z is a

correct truth it only shows what Q believes.

Idealization

Within the logic, statements can be either be formulated with the current run of the protocols

on the weaken network

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Formal methods for security protocol

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