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Running head: GLOBAL WARMING 1

Global Warming

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Introduction

Global warming is a continuous problem that is causing the world many unprecedented

problems that have both economic and social effects. As temperatures and sea levels gradually

rise, the human and animal population is facing a self-imposed problem that with years might

threaten the existence of man. Currently, some of animal species are on the brink of extinction

especially those inhabiting the polar regions of the world. Similarly, some parts of the world are

continually becoming unbearable to human beings as essential life necessities such as food and

water are becoming scarce. Besides lacking essential life needs the human population is also

affected by the natural catastrophes associated with global warming. For instance, countries like

India and China are experiencing heat waves and unusual flooding that have displaced most

people from their homes. Global warming has been attributed to negative carbon print release to

the atmosphere, which is ironically caused by human practices. Notably poor agricultural

practices that were instigated by industrialization and modernization of agriculture have

accumulated to cause this problem. Likewise, poor industrial practices that emit excess carbon

dioxide into the atmosphere are attributed to the vice. Besides the human activity, based causes

there are other natural causes such as the rotation of the earth and volcanic eruption. Since global

warming has reached dire standards, controlling the human-based activities is of paramount

significance to all stakeholders, in this case, governments and environmental base NGO’S.

Therefore, whereas most analysis tends to blame the common citizen on the rise of the carbon

print, it is evident that most citizens are not aware that their activities are harming the

environment. It is only the government and NGOs that sensitize the public on how they can

control the environmental degradation through their industrial and agricultural activities. With

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this in mind, the paper will discuss the causes of global warming followed by the interventions

that NGOs and government can do to halt it.

Causes of Global Warming

The first cause of global warming is the natural causes. For a number of years now, the

climate has been continuously changing. Global warming occurs because of the natural rotation

of the sun, which alters the intensity of sunlight as it moves closer to the earth (Privalsky, 2012).

Immediately the sunlight strikes the earth surface, a number of them is engrossed which leads to

the warming of the earth. The remaining ones are exuded back into the air at lengthier

wavelength compared to the sun. Apparently, these gases found in the air that accumulate before

they disappear into space absorb some of these extended wavelengths. For this reason, the

absorption of such extensive long wave radiant energy tends to warm the atmosphere and when

reflected back into the atmosphere, causes what is referred to as global warming.

Volcanic eruptions are another cause of global warming. In most cases, once volcanoes

explode, they tend to discharge mixtures of particles, as well as, gases into the atmosphere. A

number of these airs released including Sulphur dioxide and ash always have a cooling effect

because they reflect away sunlight from the earth surface. On the same note, others such as

carbon dioxide lead to warming through the addition of greenhouse effect. Notably, the large

eruptions are the one that have a high probability of causing global warming because they tend to

blast sun-blocking particles all through to the stratosphere, which can cause a significant dip in

global temperatures.

Another cause of global warming is carbon dioxide emission brought about by fossil fuel

burning power plants. With the increasing addiction of the majority of people relying on

electricity gotten from coal-burning power plants, the rate of carbon dioxide released into the

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atmosphere has increased leading to global warming. The majority of electricity gadgets that has

flooded the market have led to the burning of more coals that emits CO2 into the atmosphere.

Since most people and organizations have no alternative to using other than electricity, the

excess emission of the gas into the atmosphere has fueled global warming at quite a high rate

than before.

Next, large-scale permafrost that melt in the north and south poles substantially

contributes to global warming. Carbon dioxide is usually iced up and stowed in these regions in

permafrost form. When instabilities such as solar activity, natural forest fires and volcanic

eruptions occur in these carbon storage areas, a significant amount of melting permafrost occurs

which in turn leads to the large-scale release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere causing

global warming. Since the carbon found in these permafrost has been excluded from the

atmosphere for such a long time, its abrupt release into the air leads to imbalances in the carbon

cycle, as well as, other natural processes.

Natural forest fires, which tend to occur over a long period also causes global warming

because they will have certain effect on the overall global temperature. In essence, burning of

vegetation releases compiled carbon into the air that increases the level of various greenhouse

gases such as CO2 and methane. The gases are responsible for the trapping of astrophysical

energy that automatically results in global warming across the globe. Correspondingly,

deforestation tends to be a major cause of global warming. When human beings cut down forests

and trees, which store carbon dioxide, a large amount of carbon is released into the atmosphere

and reduces the amount of carbon capture on the earth surface; thus, leading to global warming.

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What NGOs Can Do to prevent and combat global warming

The non-governmental organizations can take certain steps to prevent and combat global

warming. They can collaborate with the public and governmental organizations that share the

same vision of preventing and combating global warning in order to enhance the potential for

change. Since the majority of the NGOs are established outside political parties, this will be

much easier for them when advocating the public’s concerns and stressing the government to do

a better job in dealing with global warming (Krataz, 2015). This can range from the local people

who are interested in seeing a change for the betterment of their environment to other member

organizations interested in the same.

The NGOs can act as agents of information and change. Since they are non-profit

organizations with the aim of employing variety of tactics that helps create consciousness

amongst the public, their structure can be advantageous in helping them deal with the causes of

global warming. They can enlighten the public on how certain activities tend to cause global

warming that can negatively affect their lives in a significant way. They can do this using

communication channels such as internet, publications, conferences and media coverage among

others (Khail et al. 2008). For instance, the Friends of the Earth and Greenpeace are the two

major non-governmental organizations with an international status that for a long time have kept

the public informed about environmental pollution through direct action techniques.

NGOs can collaborate and organize for conferences that will steer them towards fighting

for the right of the environment across the globe. Through such, they can keep an eye on the

progress of global warming and share roles among themselves to prevent and combat the

environmental in their own regions. One of the NGOs termed as the 1992 Earth Summit

synchronized a session for some of the NGOs. Its main objective was to allow the NGOs all over

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the globe to link share and assess their entire cooperative responsibility in taking care of the

environment including global warming. Through it, they were also able to define a collection of

treaties such as Rio Declaration and Earth Charter, which agreed to define the rights and

responsibility of each nation towards preserving and conserving the environment. Through this,

the environment problems such as global warming have been improved because of the essential

information disseminated worldwide for people and nations to collaborate for the good of the

environment.

Finally, the environmental NGOs across the world can use their broad base of skills,

experience, expertise, and networks to help prevent and combat global warming. They can

promote educational and public awareness programmes on global warming and its effects

facilitate public participation in order to get their responses on how to manage global warming

and provide public access to information. When these NGOs monitor and evaluate the local and

national policies for greenhouse gases emission and climate change, essential feedback can be

retrieved on the way forward and what needs to be implemented next. Similarly, environmental

NGOs can participate in every decision making that will affect the environment in one way or

the other. Through this, industries and organization that tend to release harmful gases into the

atmosphere can minimize them thus leading to a reduction in global warming.

What Governments Can Do to Prevent and Combat Global Warming

Debate over the role of governments in the fight against global warming has been raging

for a considerable time. Various suggestions and solutions have been proposed concerning the

role governments could play to help avert the impeding catastrophe. It is worth noting that the

global warming phenomenon affects all nations. As such, all governments should take active,

urgent, and concrete steps to prevent and combat global warming. In essence, taking optimal

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mitigation measures could reduce the amount of greenhouse emissions and forestall the

inevitable rise in global temperatures. The resources and state machinery at the disposal of

governments are sufficient for waging successful campaigns and implementing strategies that

reduce global warming.

The most fundamental measure governments of industrialized nations could take is to

reduce dependence on fossil fuels. The reliance on oil, coal, and gasoline is a leading contributor

to carbon dioxide emissions (Miller, & Spoolman, 2015). It is worth noting that carbon dioxide is

the leading trap-heating gas. Similarly, governments could negotiate a legally binding treaty that

outlines emission limits of heat-trapping gases. Such a treaty should have elaborate punitive

measures for countries that break the accord. In this regard, nations should have targets to limit

the amount of greenhouse emissions. Additionally, governments ought to implement cap-and-

trade plans by setting obligatory limits for all forms of industrial emissions. A company that goes

beyond these caps should purchase permits from those that have spare allowances.

Ideally, the fight against global warming ought to be a collective effort. Governments

should introduce an array of measures across transport, energy supply, agriculture, forestry,

building, and waste disposal sectors. Developing countries that lack the technological expertise

should get assistance from the developed nations to ensure measures agreed upon cut across

board. Arguably, the most appropriate approach would be to focus on clean development for the

developing nations. Developing nations should receive incentives to help them implement

mitigation technologies. Research shows it is economically and technical possible to alleviate

greenhouse emissions through technology (Miller, & Spoolman, 2015). Thus, technology could

play an integral role in reducing the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

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Additionally, governments have a duty to invest and fund scientific research and

technology to slow the rate of global warming. Technological advancement could play an

important role in the global warming campaign. Admittedly, some technologies could be more

suitable for certain countries and regions. Nevertheless, the collective benefits of energy

efficiency will be felt all over the world. Governments should insist on increased use of

renewable energy, biofuels, and nuclear power to stabilize emissions. In the same way,

governments could rally citizens to plant trees and replenish areas where deforestation has taken

a toll on the environment (Petersen, 2011). In essence, research shows that reforestation is the

most cost-effective solution to global warming.

Regulation of industries offers the most viable solution to the global warming menace.

However, implementation of industry regulation protocols requires a stable political and policy

environment that respects internationally accepted laws and obeys measures for stimulating

technology growth. Preferably, implementing global warming control measures requires political

will to enable the measures to take effect (Paterson, 2013). Agreeably, getting all political

leaders to agree on a single measure is difficult but the urgency of the matter requires exigent

solutions. Hence, governments should strive to create enabling environments for technology

development as a counter measure against global warming.

Evidently, the adverse effects of global warming transcend national borders and

regions. Effective control of the rate of climate change requires committed participation from all

states. In the same way, it is notable that governments cannot act without the assistance of the

citizens. For example, governments can urge their citizens to reduce energy use by carpooling,

riding bicycles, walking, and reforestation. On the other hand, governments could strive to

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reduce toxic emissions by enhancing energy use efficiency, switching to renewable energy

sources, reducing consumption of gasoline, and shunning coal and oil in favor of natural gases.

Conclusion

To sum up, global warming is becoming a humanitarian crisis since its effects are causing

unprecedented human suffering. Besides unpredictable weather patterns majority of the world is

suffering from acute food shortage and water scarcity. Several wild animal species care facing

extinction including humankind himself. Though there are several natural causes that contribute

to the global warming such as volcanos and the relative position of the earth from the sun, a

bigger concern is the environmentally unfriendly practices conducted by local citizens. Since the

problem can only be solved by creating sufficient awareness, educating the masses on essential

environmental conservation practices, only key stakeholders such as the government and NGOs

to intervene. For Non-Governmental Organization, their mandate is to provide structural changes

guidelines that the government has formulated. The organization works closely with the

disfranchised in the society, and they can use this to teach people good agricultural practices. On

the government side, they are expected to actively participate in signaling international treaties

that forbid harmful environmental activities. Likewise, the government should involve the public

in its interventions, as they are important for in this context. The interventions are done through

public awareness campaigns and reserving adequate funds for the same. Moreover, governments

should put mechanisms that ensure their countries adhere to any international binding treaties.

For the developing countries, the government should try gradually encouraging the use of clean

and recyclable energy in major industries.

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References

Khalil, A. R., Solowey, E., & Leu, S. (2008). Environmental and economic potential of Bedouin

dry land agriculture. Management of Environmental Quality, 19(3), 353-366.

Krätzig, W.,B. (2015). Solar updraft power technology: Fighting global warming and rising

energy costs. Journal of Technology Innovations in Renewable Energy, 4(2), 52-64.

Miller, G., & Spoolman, S. (2015). Environmental Science. New York, NY: Cengage Learning

Paterson, M. (2013). Global Warming and Global Politics. London, UK: Routledge

Petersen, C. (2011). Earth's Changing Climate. New York: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark

Privalsky, V. E., & Fortus, M. I. (2012). Miscellanea on possible causes of global

warming. Theory of Probability and its Applications,56(2), 313-317.

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