Global Warming And Public Transport-sample

Running Head: PUBLIC TRANSPORT 1

PUBLIC TRANSPORT

Name

Institution

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Table of contents

Table of Contents

1.0 Mind map .................................................................................................................................. 3

2.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 4

3.0 Research question ..................................................................................................................... 4

4.0 Background report summary..................................................................................................... 4

5.0 Independent variables ............................................................................................................... 5

6.0 Dependent variables .................................................................................................................. 5

7.0 Controlled variables .................................................................................................................. 5

8.0 Hypothesis................................................................................................................................. 5

9.0 Research methodology and methods used ................................................................................ 6

9.1 Experiments ........................................................................................................................... 6

9.2 Qualitative observation ......................................................................................................... 6

9.3 Interviews ............................................................................................................................. 6

10.0 Results and Analysis of data collected................................................................................... 7

11.0 Summary ................................................................................................................................. 8

11.1 Benefits of public transport ................................................................................................. 8

11.2 Significance of the research ................................................................................................ 9

11.3 Recommendations ............................................................................................................. 10

12.0 References…………………………………………………………………………………11

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1.0 Mind map

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2.0 Introduction

The Research works aims at determining the relationship between use of public transport means

and the effect it has on global warming. Research methodology involved was the use of

interviews, qualitative observations and experiments. Data collected reveals that public transport

produces relatively lower greenhouses gas emission as measured per passenger mile than the

personally owned vehicles. Data analysis shows that the right topic is believed to the main reason

that guided my research to success and getting institutions to participate in my quantitative

research was the most significant challenge (Jeskey & Carolyn, 2008). The various benefits of

public transports have been discussed and a conclusion reached at that to ensure healthy leaving,

people should start using bus, trains, bikes or even walking. Individuals should do their part in

reducing instances of global warming and preventing its consequences (Camph & Donald, 2008).

3.0 Research question

Does public transport have significant benefits that lead to the reduction in global warming?

Sub questions

 Is public transport much beneficial that private transport?

 Does public transport emit higher rates of greenhouse gases?

4.0 Background report summary

Global Warming is used alternatively with the term climate change to denote a rapid elevation of

the earth’s surface temperatures. There has been a wide range of evidence that supports the

presence of global warming throughout the history (Shapiro et al., 2011). Global warming is

mostly associated with the increased greenhouse gases effect, often released as individuals’ burn

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fossils fuel. It is crucial noting that the natural greenhouse effect helps in maintaining a safe and

healthy earth’s temperature that supports the existence of both human and other life forms (The

science of climate change/committee on climate change, 2017). However, after industrial

evolution, the human activities such as overreliance of fossils fuel has led to the increased

greenhouse effect that has made the earth’s temperature to rise by almost 10C. Therefore, this

has led to the establishment of global warming experienced today. Alternatively, there are many

negative effects associated with global warming, and following this, there are many ways of

reducing and preventing the occurrence of the adverse effects of global warming. Similarly, one

of the solutions to reducing global warming is to embrace the use of public transport. This means

choosing to step out of ones’ vehicle and using public means of transport (Shapiro et al., 2011).

Thus this has been proved to reduce emissions, enhance air quality as well as reducing one’s

carbon footprint.

5.0 Independent variables

In my research paper, my independent variables are suitable means of public transport.

6.0 Dependent variables

In my research paper, my dependent variable is the rate of reduction in global warming.

7.0 Controlled variables

In my research paper my controlled variables are time, and type of public transport.

8.0 Hypothesis

Public transport is beneficial in the reduction of global warming.

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9.0 Research methodology and methods used

This study made use of quantitative data collection methods. In the long run, the data collected

could be generated and quantified into a numerical form which would be converted into

significant mathematical information.

The method used included:

9.1 Experiments

I carried out experiments which aimed at manipulating the research’s independent variables. I

manipulated the data for good means of public transport while maintaining varying extents of

control over the dependent variable which was the rate of reduction in global warming. The use

of experiments was of much importance since I was able to get data that was used for the

analysis of correlations and relationships (Hodges, 2010).

9.2 Qualitative observation

Some of the data was collected through systematic observation this involved counting of the

number of public transport means present on the roads as well as assessing the public transport

services within some of the specified areas such as stages. I made use of observational and sense

skills to obtain the required data (Jeskey & Carolyn, 2008).

9.3 Interviews

I made use of structured interviews to collect quantitative data. I had prepared some set of

questions about the relationship between public transport and global warming. I used computer-

assisted interviews, and this enabled me to reach a broad range of respondent who assisted in

providing the research data (Hodges, 2010).

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10.0 Results and Analysis of data collected

Data collected reveals that public transport produces relatively lower greenhouses gas emission

as measured per passenger mile than the personally owned vehicles (Meyer et al., 2006). The

environmental benefits of public transports can be felt, and they often differ in the number of

passengers per vehicle, efficiency and the type of fuel used. Public transport emits 0.47pounds of

carbon dioxide while private sector emits 0.98 pounds.

Results and finding

It was hard to collect data about public transits within short time limits.

YES N= 41 66.13%

NO N= 21 33.9%

Challenges experienced in the quantitative research

1. Choosing the right methodology N= 15 (24%)

2. Data manipulation N= 5 (8%)

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3. Getting institutions to participate N= 20 (32.3%)

4. Finding research participants N= 12 (19.4 %)

5. Choosing the right topic N= 10 (16.13%)

I believe choosing the right topic formed a strong basis of my quantitative research (M= 4.25)

a. I strongly disagree points 1

b. I somehow disagree 2

c. I have no option at the moment 3

d. I somewhat agree 4

e. I strongly agree 5

The choice of the right topic is believed to the main reason that guided my research to success

and getting institutions to participate in my quantitative research was the greatest challenge.

11.0 Summary

The quantitative research shows that public transport plays a significant role in the reduction of

greenhouse gases that lead to global warming. Therefore, embracing public transport is essential

since it comes with several benefits as discussed below.

11.1 Benefits of public transport

As seen above, public transport can be supported as one of the ways that provide a broad range

of benefits that reduce global warming. Most importantly, public transportation minimizes the

need for travel by private vehicles. Studies disclose that those that use public transport tend to

reduce the carbon footprint as well as conserving energy (Camph & Donald, 2008).

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Public transport should be recommended since it helps reduce road congestion which benefits

ecosystems. Thus the lesser the number of vehicles on the roads the lesser the emission of

greenhouse gases and this reduces global warming immensely. Also, the use of buses and trains

can reduce the brutal killing of animals. Notably many countries have launched electric trains

and buses which lead to decreased emissions, and they have become the most preferred forms of

transport (Besser et al., 2005).

Public transport is a significant way of saving money. The use of public transport helps in saving

money that is meant to be used in fueling, car payments and maintenance. By the use of public

transport, there is no need of paying for fuel so much money is saved on fuel. America’s public

transportation studies disclose that this mode of transport can play a significant portion in

establishing a healthier nation (Hodges, 2010). This is because public transport has proved that it

can provide environmental benefits through minimizing of smog-producing pollutants,

preserving ecologically sensitive and open lands as well as reducing greenhouse gases and this is

assisting in attaining the national air quality standards for the benefit of the community. The use

of public transport services is helping to avail public access to adjacent communities and national

parks while maintaining high environmental quality standards (Jeskey & Carolyn 2008).

11.2 Significance of the research

From the analysis, it is clear that it can be possible to make use of public transport since it is one

of the crucial steps full of benefits and that occurs with the aim of reducing greenhouse gas

emissions. This research acts as a wake-up call to all those that prefer private transport means to

stop using private transport and start conserving the environment (Meyer, James & Edward,

2006).

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11.3 Recommendations

people should start using bus, trains, bikes or even walking bearing in mind that they are doing

so not because they are forced to but because they are doing their part for the conservation of the

planet and when this is observed, our future days shall be healthy and worth living.

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References

Besser, Lilah M. & Andrew L. Dannenberg (2005). “Walking to Public Transit: Steps to Meet

Physical Activity Recommendations.” American Journal of Preventive Medicine.

November 2005, Vol. 29, No. 4, 273-280.

Camph & Donald H (2008). Dollars and Sense: The Economic Case for Public Transportation

in America. Washington: The Campaign for Efficient Passenger Transportation.

“Greenhouse Gases, Climate Change, and Energy. (2003)” Washington: Energy Information

Administration.

Jeskey & Carolyn (2008). People, Jobs & Transportation: Emerging Issues, A National

Conference on Employment and Transportation June 5 & 6, 2008, Conference

Proceedings. Washington: Community Transportation Association of America.

Meyer, James & Edward A. Beimborn (2006). “An Analysis of the Usage, Impact and Benefits

of an Innovative Transit Pass Program.” Washington: Transportation Research Board

Annual Meeting, and “U-PASS.”Milwaukee: Milwaukee County Transit System, 2006 at

www.ridemcts.com.

The science of climate change / committee on climate change. (2017). Theccc.org.uk. Retrieved

15 Oct, 2017, from https:// www.theccc.org.uk/tackling-climate-change/the-science-of-

climate-change/

Shapiro, Robert J., Kevin A. Hassett, & Frank Arnold (2011). Conserving Energy and

Preserving the Environment: The Role of Public Transportation. Washington: American

Public Transportation Association.

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Tina Hodges (2010). Public Transportation’s Role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. On line

on http://www.fta.dot.gov/sustainability.

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