Global warming and public transport-sample

Running Head: PUBLIC TRANSPORT 1
PUBLIC TRANSPORT
Name
Institution
PUBLIC TRANSPORT 2
Table of contents
Table of Contents
1.0 Mind map
...................................................................................................................................................................... 3
2.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 4
References ................................................................................................................................................... 12
12.0 References…………………………………………………………………………………11
PUBLIC TRANSPORT 3
1.0 Mind map
PUBLIC TRANSPORT 4
2.0 Introduction
The Research works aims at determining the relationship between use of public transport means
and the effect it has on global warming. Research methodology involved was the use of
interviews, qualitative observations and experiments. Data collected reveals that public transport
produces relatively lower greenhouses gas emission as measured per passenger mile than the
personally owned vehicles. Data analysis shows that the right topic is believed to the main reason
that guided my research to success and getting institutions to participate in my quantitative
research was the most significant challenge (Jeskey & Carolyn, 2008). The various benefits of
public transports have been discussed and a conclusion reached at that to ensure healthy leaving,
people should start using bus, trains, bikes or even walking. Individuals should do their part in
reducing instances of global warming and preventing its consequences (Camph & Donald, 2008).
3.0 Research question
Does public transport have significant benefits that lead to the reduction in global warming?
Sub questions
Is public transport much beneficial that private transport?
Does public transport emit higher rates of greenhouse gases?
4.0 Background report summary
Global Warming is used alternatively with the term climate change to denote a rapid elevation of
the earth’s surface temperatures. There has been a wide range of evidence that supports the
presence of global warming throughout the history (Shapiro et al., 2011). Global warming is
mostly associated with the increased greenhouse gases effect, often released as individuals’ burn
PUBLIC TRANSPORT 5
fossils fuel. It is crucial noting that the natural greenhouse effect helps in maintaining a safe and
healthy earth’s temperature that supports the existence of both human and other life forms (The
science of climate change/committee on climate change, 2017). However, after industrial
evolution, the human activities such as overreliance of fossils fuel has led to the increased
greenhouse effect that has made the earth’s temperature to rise by almost 10C. Therefore, this
has led to the establishment of global warming experienced today. Alternatively, there are many
negative effects associated with global warming, and following this, there are many ways of
reducing and preventing the occurrence of the adverse effects of global warming. Similarly, one
of the solutions to reducing global warming is to embrace the use of public transport. This means
choosing to step out of ones’ vehicle and using public means of transport (Shapiro et al., 2011).
Thus this has been proved to reduce emissions, enhance air quality as well as reducing one’s
carbon footprint.
5.0 Independent variables
In my research paper, my independent variables are suitable means of public transport.
6.0 Dependent variables
In my research paper, my dependent variable is the rate of reduction in global warming.
7.0 Controlled variables
In my research paper my controlled variables are time, and type of public transport.
8.0 Hypothesis
Public transport is beneficial in the reduction of global warming.
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PUBLIC TRANSPORT 7
9.0 Research methodology and methods used
This study made use of quantitative data collection methods. In the long run, the data collected
could be generated and quantified into a numerical form which would be converted into
significant mathematical information.
The method used included:
9.1 Experiments
I carried out experiments which aimed at manipulating the research’s independent variables. I
manipulated the data for good means of public transport while maintaining varying extents of
control over the dependent variable which was the rate of reduction in global warming. The use
of experiments was of much importance since I was able to get data that was used for the
analysis of correlations and relationships (Hodges, 2010).
9.2 Qualitative observation
Some of the data was collected through systematic observation this involved counting of the
number of public transport means present on the roads as well as assessing the public transport
services within some of the specified areas such as stages. I made use of observational and sense
skills to obtain the required data (Jeskey & Carolyn, 2008).
9.3 Interviews
I made use of structured interviews to collect quantitative data. I had prepared some set of
questions about the relationship between public transport and global warming. I used computer-
assisted interviews, and this enabled me to reach a broad range of respondent who assisted in
providing the research data (Hodges, 2010).
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10.0 Results and Analysis of data collected
Data collected reveals that public transport produces relatively lower greenhouses gas emission
as measured per passenger mile than the personally owned vehicles (Meyer et al., 2006). The
environmental benefits of public transports can be felt, and they often differ in the number of
passengers per vehicle, efficiency and the type of fuel used. Public transport emits 0.47pounds of
carbon dioxide while private sector emits 0.98 pounds.
Results and finding
It was hard to collect data about public transits within short time limits.
YES N= 41 66.13%
NO N= 21 33.9%
Challenges experienced in the quantitative research
1. Choosing the right methodology N= 15 (24%)
2. Data manipulation N= 5 (8%)
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3. Getting institutions to participate N= 20 (32.3%)
4. Finding research participants N= 12 (19.4 %)
5. Choosing the right topic N= 10 (16.13%)
I believe choosing the right topic formed a strong basis of my quantitative research (M= 4.25)
a. I strongly disagree points 1
b. I somehow disagree 2
c. I have no option at the moment 3
d. I somewhat agree 4
e. I strongly agree 5
The choice of the right topic is believed to the main reason that guided my research to success
and getting institutions to participate in my quantitative research was the greatest challenge.
11.0 Summary
The quantitative research shows that public transport plays a significant role in the reduction of
greenhouse gases that lead to global warming. Therefore, embracing public transport is essential
since it comes with several benefits as discussed below.
11.1 Benefits of public transport
As seen above, public transport can be supported as one of the ways that provide a broad range
of benefits that reduce global warming. Most importantly, public transportation minimizes the
need for travel by private vehicles. Studies disclose that those that use public transport tend to
reduce the carbon footprint as well as conserving energy (Camph & Donald, 2008).
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Public transport should be recommended since it helps reduce road congestion which benefits
ecosystems. Thus the lesser the number of vehicles on the roads the lesser the emission of
greenhouse gases and this reduces global warming immensely. Also, the use of buses and trains
can reduce the brutal killing of animals. Notably many countries have launched electric trains
and buses which lead to decreased emissions, and they have become the most preferred forms of
transport (Besser et al., 2005).
Public transport is a significant way of saving money. The use of public transport helps in saving
money that is meant to be used in fueling, car payments and maintenance. By the use of public
transport, there is no need of paying for fuel so much money is saved on fuel. America’s public
transportation studies disclose that this mode of transport can play a significant portion in
establishing a healthier nation (Hodges, 2010). This is because public transport has proved that it
can provide environmental benefits through minimizing of smog-producing pollutants,
preserving ecologically sensitive and open lands as well as reducing greenhouse gases and this is
assisting in attaining the national air quality standards for the benefit of the community. The use
of public transport services is helping to avail public access to adjacent communities and national
parks while maintaining high environmental quality standards (Jeskey & Carolyn 2008).
11.2 Significance of the research
From the analysis, it is clear that it can be possible to make use of public transport since it is one
of the crucial steps full of benefits and that occurs with the aim of reducing greenhouse gas
emissions. This research acts as a wake-up call to all those that prefer private transport means to
stop using private transport and start conserving the environment (Meyer, James & Edward,
2006).
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11.3 Recommendations
people should start using bus, trains, bikes or even walking bearing in mind that they are doing
so not because they are forced to but because they are doing their part for the conservation of the
planet and when this is observed, our future days shall be healthy and worth living.
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References
Besser, Lilah M. & Andrew L. Dannenberg (2005). “Walking to Public Transit: Steps to Meet
Physical Activity Recommendations.” American Journal of Preventive Medicine.
November 2005, Vol. 29, No. 4, 273-280.
Camph & Donald H (2008). Dollars and Sense: The Economic Case for Public Transportation
in America. Washington: The Campaign for Efficient Passenger Transportation.
Greenhouse Gases, Climate Change, and Energy. (2003)” Washington: Energy Information
Administration.
Jeskey & Carolyn (2008). People, Jobs & Transportation: Emerging Issues, A National
Conference on Employment and Transportation June 5 & 6, 2008, Conference
Proceedings. Washington: Community Transportation Association of America.
Meyer, James & Edward A. Beimborn (2006). “An Analysis of the Usage, Impact and Benefits
of an Innovative Transit Pass Program.” Washington: Transportation Research Board
Annual Meeting, and “U-PASS.”Milwaukee: Milwaukee County Transit System, 2006 at
www.ridemcts.com.
The science of climate change / committee on climate change. (2017). Theccc.org.uk. Retrieved
15 Oct, 2017, from https:// www.theccc.org.uk/tackling-climate-change/the-science-of-
climate-change/
Shapiro, Robert J., Kevin A. Hassett, & Frank Arnold (2011). Conserving Energy and
Preserving the Environment: The Role of Public Transportation. Washington: American
Public Transportation Association.
PUBLIC TRANSPORT 13
Tina Hodges (2010). Public Transportation’s Role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. On line
on http://www.fta.dot.gov/sustainability.

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