Indian Culture | EssayIvy.com

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India is a site of civilization as ancient like any part of the continent in the world. India

means ancient "Bharatavarsha" or the land of Bharata of mythology fame (Burke 78) . Many

cities emerged in north India, along river Indus. Around the same period there was the

civilization of the Euphrates - Tigris at some other locations. In many years, different people

invaded India and majority of this invaders’ imprints were left. The multiplicity of local gods,

heroes, and goddesses led to the development of Hinduism (Kidambi 15). This multiplicity had a

coherent framework that was seen by individuals as manifestations to a higher unity. However,

multiplicity was seen as a significant feature of Hinduism. Local people were could be

commonly recognized using natural cyclic forces. Their way of living could easily help you

identify one as indian or not.The crops they planted in there fertile land their herds and even the

way they buried there dead was a true implication of there real nature.

India has a multiplicity of ethnic groups-- hundreds of language(Hindi, Bengali, Oriya,

Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam) that are spoken differently—each community has a multitude of

caste and worshipping of multiplicity gods varied accordingly depending on the locality,

personal preference, without forgetting the rank (Kidambi 17). Despite the fact that there are a

lot of local characteristic, they are specific known deities that seem to be major and more

recognized and they seem to have full recognition. The four most significant are as follows ;

Shiva recognized as the destroyer, Vishnu the preserver, Brama believed to be the creator,

Parvati or Durga or Kali a goddess existing in three incarnations:maiden,mother,and lastly death

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and destruction. In India, both the Islam and Buddhism were crucial in their culture. Buddhism

appeared to be the most popular religion since it first emerged at around the sixteenth century

B.C, While Islam came in the start of eighth century AD through Northern India (now Pakistan)

(Spring 100).

India has a sacred quality aspect of life, and it’s reflected in Indian art, as it had multiple

spiritual and cultural experiences (Cohn 10). The sacredness is incarnate in the living things,

animals or parts of an animal are also commonly used in the representation of gods; plants also

acts as an essential symbol in the religion. What the Indian cosmology reflects mostly is the rule

in an agricultural culture, reproduction of animals and fertility cycle of human beings. Visual

symbols are considered a powerful means when it comes to relaying both religious and social

ideals in most traditional cultures (Bird 13). Air and festival are celebrated from January to

December each month there is a celebration. It contains both old and new religion.The Indian

culture had characteristics and its elements that helped to transform communication choices in

the culture. They help in promoting moral values and attitude of generosity, fragility, and

simplicity. The following are some of the examples.

In the Indian culture there is this believe that the world is a holy and divine creation

created a god referred to Brahma god of creation (Spring 100). It does not only look like human

centered but also considered an element of both the non-living and living which is believed to be

a sign of manifestation of holiness. Therefore, it shows respect to the designs of God and hence

the whole idea of coexistence is supported. This vision synthesizes human beings, nature, and

God as one integral whole. The second characteristics are the harmony sense. Indians and culture

and philosophy tries so much to achieve natural order and natural balance, and hence this has

extended to a much whole cosmos (Bird 54). In the culture of the Indians it is assumed that

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natural order inherent is the base when it comes to of the nature of moral and social law. The

external beauty and order will be naturally followed from the inner harmony. The Indian culture

tends to balance and synthesize the spiritual and the material.

Tolerance is another example, and it is one of the most important ones it is believed that

liberalism and tolerance are major characteristics in all communities, religion, and castes. When

there was an invasion in India by the foreign cultures, the society gave an opportunity for culture

to prosper. Indians had no option than accepting and respecting Shaka, Jain, Muslim, Christian,

Sikh, Jain, Huna and Shitiyan cultures. Tolerance was a fantastic character in the society towards

all religion. Peaceful coexistence extended within various religion in India and all have affected

each other. All the existing believes in India are equally respected despite the fact that majority

of religious organizations and the conversion of religion in traditional activities. Indians always

try as much as possible not to suppress diversity that they want to favor uniformity hence their

motto is always "both unity in diversity as well as diversity in unity."

Stability and continuity in the culture of Indians are distinctive in that it is a never ending

flow since it is basically determined in the development of the culture (Bird 54). The Indian

culture’s light is continuously lighting even though a lot of things have passed over the centuries

and also many foreign invaders were seen. Indian culture cannot be ended like the cultures in

Greece and Rome since it is still in the face of construction. Light of the ancient Indian culture is

still glowing despite the cultural standards that are seen presently. It also does not favor

immediate changes; they prefer to preserve the old than replace it with the new ones.

Adaptability has also significantly contributed to maintaining Indian culture. The process of

changing with period, time, and place is referred to as versatility. It is also a basic sign of

durability for a particular religion (Pokutta, 3). When it comes to the Indian culture, it has a

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unique style of adjustment hence it maintained up to date. Because of co-ordination and

adaptability in the culture of Indians its utility, activity and continuity are presently existing

In the Indian culture receptivity is a basic aspect. Their culture has often been ready to

accept an invasion of other culture into the country. It is seen as an ocean where many different

kinds of rivers meet. Taking the example of all the castes succumbing to their culture and then

later dissolve in the Hindustan .The best thing with the Indians is that they easily adjust into

other cultures and maintain peace and stability amongst themselves for the best of all of them

(Cohn 10). Because of receptivity there always been reliability in the Indian culture. The Indians

have the culture of receiving religions including the Muslims as along it is useful to them

.Adaptability and responsiveness in the culture of Indians has given it the ability to survive in

any conditions.

Religion has the central place in the Indian culture, The Quran and the bible have a

significant effect on the Indian culture. The holy books helps develop optimism, theism,

forgiveness, ethical conduct, truthfulness, compassion and friendliness (Fredrickson 24). Monier

Williams said that even though there are over five hundred dialects but the religious literature

and religious language remains to be one. The writing is called Sanskrit while the script is called

Sanskrit literature. No culture is better than another. Both have a different type of customs and

culture.

The similarities between Indian culture and Euro-American culture are that, both the

cultures value family in that the parents and the elderly members deserve respect from the

children (McFarland & Hiba 43). Relations play a significance role in both cultures. Another

similarity is that both the cultures have the same parliamentary system and democracy. In both

cases, the people elect their representatives to form the government .this make the people feel

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that they have power since they are given the opportunity to choose whoever they want to

represent them. Both cultures share common values including high motivation, creativity, and

pragmatism hence they both work to improve their standard of living to be at the level of

developed countries. This value has been developed in Poland and India because of the scarcity

of resources in their countries including commodities, money, time, and possibilities and to some

extent a way to survival (McFarland & Hiba 47). The differences come to religion. The Euro-

Americans are primarily Christians and the use of the Bible which contradicts the beliefs of the

Indian cultures. Most people are Christians and follow the Christian value system. While Indians

practice a religion called Buddhism which entails worshipping of idols like birds and another

kind of animals believing that when they pray d offer sacrifice to them their and problems will be

solved.

India as a third world country is associated with a lot of social problems. It faces famine

and at some point extreme drought. Many people die from lack of food without forgetting the

poverty rate is extremely high. Poland on the other hand, it doesn't have any social issues.

Worldly, India is known as a poverty-stricken exotic land. Indian culture is very family oriented.

According to the Indian culture, any person doing something immoral brings shame to them and

also to their own families as well. But for the euro-American culture, it is based more on

individual oriented (Burke 78). A person who does a wrong thing brings shame to himself and

not to the whole family. In Poland and Ireland, a family member cannot be dishonored or

disowned because of someone's guilt.

In Indian culture, an interaction between teenage girls and boys are tried to be minimized

since there is a fear of "immoral act." while the euro-American culture encourages interaction but

a healthy one amongst the teenage boys and girls. They are also taught how to deal with sexual

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attraction hence the education was never seen as a taboo. Even if the interaction was minimized,

Indians still married or got married at a very tender age; as early as 13 years of age. Mahatma

Gandhi got married at 13 years when he went to Britain. He saw young children around his age

enjoying being single while for him she was already married for Avery an extended period.

The people from the euro-American culture are conscientious on the issues of what age

should a person be married (Fredrickson 22) . But for the Indian culture, it allows marriage at a

tender age .According to the constitution worldwide there is a certain age-appropriate for

marriage. In order to get along with the Indian culture ,educating the people on the importance of

respecting children right in a more appealing manner with proving them is the best way to make

a change. The other thing that according to Euro-American culture if someone does a wrong

thing he carries his cross and the family does not get dishonored but for the Indian culture if

someone wrongs the whole family is included. The solution is letting the Indian people know

that any person should be able to account for his actions and stop making a general conclusion to

parties that were not involved.

According to the discussion above, it is clear that cultural beliefs are different and

understanding each other and respecting certain boundaries based on their culture helps in the

continuity of ideas. There economic values religion and many other aspects are quite different in

both cultures despite of the few similarities. It is also seen that one's faith cannot be easily

changed from his mind but by having receptivity with one another. Amongst different culture,

some beliefs are similar to each other while some differ, but all in all those differences does not

deny intercultural communication from taking place.

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REFERENCES

Bird, S. Elizabeth. Dressing in feathers: The construction of the Indian in American popular

culture. Routledge, 2018.

Burke, Peter. Popular culture in early modern Europe. Routledge, 2017.

Cohn, Bernard S. "Notes on the History of the Study of Indian Society and Culture." Structure

and change in Indian society. Routledge, 2017. 3-28.

Fredrickson, George M. "Models of American ethnic relations: A historical perspective." Diverse

Nations. Routledge, 2015. 19-28.

Kidambi, Prashant. The making of an Indian metropolis: Colonial governance and public culture

in Bombay, 1890-1920. Routledge, 2016.

McFarland, Marilyn R., and Hiba B. Wehbe-Alamah. Leininger's culture care diversity and

universality. Jones & Bartlett Publishers, 2014.

Pokutta, Dalia Anna. "Population dynamics, diet and migrations of the Únětice culture in

Poland." Gö teborg: University of Gothenburg (2013).

Spring, Joel. Deculturalization and the struggle for equality: A brief history of the education of

dominated cultures in the United States. Routledge, 2016.

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