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What is the role of political leadership in Indonesia?

Indonesia is said to be an ‘Emerging Economy’ by an American political scientist Ian

Bremmer. Indonesia being a democratic state is one of the very few countries which are cited as

an example of economic policymaker through the political figures and their interest. The political

structure of Indonesia is divided into three branches, each with its own role to play. These

branches include the executive branch, the legislative branch, and the judicial branch.

The executive branch consists of further three divisions which include: the President, Vice-

President, and the Cabinet. Both the President and the Vice-President are elected by the general

public of Indonesia for a fixed term of five years which can only be extended for another five

years once under the condition that the general public may re-elect them. During this term, both

the President and the Vice-President act as an inseparable team and they hold a quite significant

political strategic importance. Currently President Joko Widodo or Jokowi has developed the

country in the past few years with respect to its economy immensely. Jokowi believes that the

country’s economic stability is the key to his own success and the country’s success as well.

Indonesia has had a history of volatile inflation rates. However, under the leadership of Jowoki,

this inflation rate has been under check and stabilized. The first year of his political leadership

was said to be a turbulent year because of the political and economic developments throughout

the nations. The former Trade Minister Mari Pangestu mentions that Jokowi has taken steps to

ensure that Indonesia comes back on track from its fiscal and economically unstable years.

Although the increase in the economy was not as spectacular as expected, it was still quite solid.

In 2016, the economic growth was approximately 5% which is the same as the year before it.

Jowoki has primarily focused on the infrastructure of the country, rather than the front because

he believes by correcting the basic structure of organization, the front face would automatically

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prove more efficient. The most recent completed project of his includes the Merah Putih Bridge

in 2016 which costed the country almost $66 million. Apart from that, other projects such as

Jakarta-Bandung high-speed railway which would cost $5.5 billion, Kalibaru Port which would

cost $4 billion, and Trans-Sumatra toll road which would cost $36.1 billion along with many

other projects are currently underway as well which would benefit the country in the long run far

greater than the short run. On top of that the political leaders also reached out to the private

sector in order to improve the tax amnesty targets, but the effects were significant on the tax

reform front. Currently, they are working on private investment growth including the

infrastructure which are based on the 14 economic regulations packages not fulfilling the

investor’s needs and requirements. Although it was estimated that the cost of doing business

would go down, rather it remains in peril. However, the leadership of Indonesia shows an upright

and progressive attitude and based on its previous situation, they have developed the country in

far greater heights than before.

The second branch includes the legislative branch which consists of the People’s

Consultative Assembly or also known by its local name Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat,

abbreviated MPR. Its purpose is to keep in check the constitution and make amendments if

necessary. On top of that, it also draws and passes laws based on the need of the situations and

designing the annual budget with the collaboration of the President. Lastly, it also oversees the

country’s political affair and the foreign affairs. The legislative branch has not shown much

efficiency in its work over the years. After the 2014 legislative elections, the number of parties in

the house increased from nine to ten, which means that the already existing house would become

even bigger. The more parties are involved in the legislative decision-making process, the more

time they consume and become less efficient. Moreover, the increase in the number of parties

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also resulted in the increased number of debates and as a result out of the 75 laws that were

presented as a need for the situation, only 22 laws were passed and the rest were put down due to

the debate. There was supposed to be a trimming of the Indonesian Legislation where each party

would be offered a higher degree of the vote instead of a higher number of parties. However, that

operation failed as the popular votes went up to 3.5 percent which rose from 2.5 percent back in

2009. Lastly, the judicial branch has also played its role quite significantly.

The civil law system of Indonesia is based on the Roman-Dutch model and is majorly

influenced by the customary demands of the situation. The main problem that the judicial system

faces is that the law enforcement in Indonesia is quite weak. In case of clear laws dictating clear

judgments by the judge, and even in the case of clear rulings ruled out against the suspect, the

law enforcement fails to perform at an ideal scale. The leadership which enforces the legal

system, which includes the Supreme Court and other institutions are underfunded by the

Executive body of the government mentioned earlier. This lack of funding results in a weaker

and less effective law enforcement system.

Although the Executive body is in itself quite efficient and effective, it focuses primarily on

the economic stability of the country. On the other hand, the legislative branch has also been in a

state of declining performance with regard to their proficiency and responsiveness to any event.

In addition to that, lack of proficiency of the legislative branch, the judicial branch is also

struggling because of too little funding by the executive body. Although the political leadership

of Indonesia has come a long way on its road to success, there still a few aspects which require

further improvements such as the effectiveness and efficiency of the legislative branch and the

proper funding and ruling over the law enforcement.

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