Mao zedong lushan speech and its historical impact2

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MAO ZEDONG LUSHAN SPEECH AND ITS HISTORICAL IMPACT
Student’s Name
Course
Date
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Lushan conference brought together leaders of the communist party of China. It kicked
off in July 1959 and ended in the month of August the same year. Its main agenda was the Great
Leap Forward. The agenda was a campaign that was championed by the communist party that
aimed at enhancing the economy of China with particular influence on the agrarian economy. It
aimed at changing the agricultural economy into a socialist system. The party intended to
achieve this by industrializing the country. Mao Zedong was one of the people who advocated
for this idea. He asserted the idea that China should take absolute control and this is well
expressed in his speech. The paper gives an in-depth analysis of his speech. Further, it
incorporates various criticisms to make the idea more understandable.
Mao advocated for the agricultural land to be put under the control of the communist
party. He proposed that all the land that had been distributed to the peasants in the early 1950’s
was should be taken back by the government.
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The peasants would be organized in small
communes, and food should be distributed to the groups of families. It had effect in prohibiting
private farming and encouraging collective farming. Anyone who would be found practicing
private farming would be prosecuted for being a counter-revolutionist. It came at a cost since it
led to many deaths caused by the famine that followed. It also resulted in economic regression.
The production of the country went down, and the productivity level fell massively.
In his speech, Mao began by criticizing the Chinese culture for fear of critics. He gave an
example that the Chinese people fear being touched. He asserted that Chinese have the general
1
Philip Bridgham, "Mao's “Cultural Revolution: Origin and Development." The China
Quarterly 29, no. 4 (2011): 12.
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fear of hearing bad things. According to him the Chinese system required to be corrected. He
wooed all the leaders to rally behind him and stand for a better China. He gave an example of
Ch’in Shih Huang who was overthrown and further explained that China was facing attacks both
from within and outside the party. He criticized the party critics and accused them of not seeing
“the bigger picture”.
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According to him leaders who argued that the country was in a mess were
missing the point. He however, asked the rest of the leaders to listen to the voices of descent.
The more criticism they offered, the more people should listen to them. He argued that China
was still great and the economy was still doing great. He used the phrase “our backbone is
strong.”
Mao downplayed the lack of agricultural produce in the market in the form of a shortage
in vegetables. He called for an end to the tension that surrounded the whole issue. Although
Mao admitted to have experienced some tension about the issue, he said there was no reason for
the anxiety. He also pointed out that the masses were behind them and that the public opinion
was in their favor. The public opinion as Mao said supported communism and the policy that the
Communist Party seek to enforce. He discouraged capitalism stating that it was a system that
enriched the wealthy and made the poor even poorer. A small percentage of the people were
involved in the running of canteens while a large number of individuals were keen on buying
from the minority. He stated that a small percentage of people were highly conservative and
suffered from petit-bourgeois. He, however, expressed high confidence that the small proportion
would eventually come up and support communism.
He alluded to a poem that was written by a general by the name of Ts’ao. He also made reference
to the Song of Ch’i-lo of the northern dynasty. He stated that neither of the poets was educated.
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Ibid., 15.
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He, therefore, emphasized his point by saying that if an illiterate man could become a prime
minister, then the peasants in China should agree to be transformed economically. Though the
concepts of the political economy were complicated the farmers and uneducated individuals
would understand it.
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Mao gave his personal experience as a boy and how he had transformed to become
better. He gave a strong advice to the citizens not to waiver but stand firm. It was crucial for
them to do so since those were critical times. The unity was necessary to ensure that the great
leap forward would turn out to be a success. He asked all the citizens to join hands in building a
better tomorrow. He also rallied the media to publish positive news. In his view publication of
negative news makes the morale of the citizens go down drastically affecting their production
rates.
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He also asked the leaders to give a good speech since it affects the citizens’ actions. The
leaders acted as role models to other citizens. Advocating for reform in the canteens, he stated
that they should participate voluntarily. Grains should be allocated to households while the
savings should be retained by individuals.
He defended his party against allegations that they do not concern themselves with party
affairs. Planning had to take place and this function had been delegated to the planning
commission. For some time, planning had not been held as scheduled. He cautioned that
3
Judith Shapiro, Mao's war against nature: Politics and the environment in revolutionary
China. (London: Cambridge University Press, 2011), 50.
4
Zedong Mao and Stuart Reynolds. Mao Tse-tung unrehearsed: talks and letters (New
York: Penguin books, 2010), 78
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adequate planning of the economy needed to be enforced to enhance a healthy development.
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Lack of planning had led to gross mistakes with regards to the estimates. He accepted to be taken
to task for any past success and failure even though he was quick to point out that success was a
combination of many people’s efforts. He admitted that mistakes were bound to happen. Further,
he highlighted great men like Marx and stated that they too had made mistakes. Mistakes did not,
however, deter them from making sure that revolutions came into place. He expressed
confidence in the success of the policies that he campaigned for and advocated for economic
socialism. He concluded by asking everyone to carry out an in-depth analysis of the economy
and draw valid conclusions.
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To sum it up, Mao’s speech was considered a passionate speech that was well delivered.
It greatly influenced history since it convinced most leaders attending the conference to adopt
and embrace The Great Leap Forward. The speech had a lot of impacts historically since it led to
the adoption of the Great Leap Forward which later had dire consequences on the people of
China. Many people died, and the economy came to its knees. In overall, the speech achieved
Mao’s intended impact.
5
Mao Zedong, "Speech at the Lushan Conference." Mao Unrehearsed 5, no. 3, (2009):
144.
6
Mao and Reynolds, Mao Tse-tung unrehearsed: talks and letters, 80.
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Bibliography
Bridgham, Philip. "Mao's “Cultural Revolution: Origin and Development." The China
Quarterly 29, no. 4 (2011): 1-35.
Mao, Zedong, and Stuart Reynolds. Mao Tse-tung unrehearsed: talks and letters. New York:
Penguin books, 2010.
Shapiro, Judith. Mao's war against nature: Politics and the environment in revolutionary China.
London: Cambridge University Press, 2011.
Zedong, Mao. "Speech at the Lushan Conference." Mao Unrehearsed 5, no. 3, (2009): 142-6.

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