Mass Media and Political Representation samplemla

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Mass Media and Political Representation
Introduction
The election period is always a trying time for the media community. This period is
characterized by the diversity of candidates and aspirants. The media is always caught in the
frenzy or is usually used in the creation of this chaos. Enormous resources have been focused on
the study of the celebrity politicians’ phenomenon. This paper is concentrated in the different
variants that arise in the case of celebrity politicians. This case can be when there is an elected or
candidate celebrity. The other factor that affects the media coverage is the celebrity status of the
candidate and his or her influence on popular culture. These cases have shaped the democratic
representation of candidates in the media. The media as a source of information should offer equal
free publicity to all candidate and the let the paid media determine the difference.
Free media
The safeguarding of human rights and liberties is the basis of democracy. Freedom of
expression has formed the basis on which free media operates. This freedom of expression is part
of the liberties guaranteed in the constitutions of democratic countries (Doug and Lingling 5-6).
Freedom of the press has been adopted in many papers and researches as part of the measure for a
democratic state. The free media has served for decades as watchdogs in the use of power and
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provision of information to citizens so as to be free and self-governing and be able to hold
governments accountable (FÄRDIGH 5-31).
Did the mainstream news media (television, newspapers, etc.) give Donald Trump an unusual
amount of free media during the primaries? Is he still getting a significant amount of free
media in the general election?
Donald Trump has come out as a surprise in the political arena after winning the primaries
on a cut-throat budget. He spent less on television advertising, but this was the single biggest
expenditure for a campaign by a single individual. Trump has hardly been absent on the airwaves.
He like all other candidates has benefited from the earned media time and commentaries about his
campaign on television, newspaper, on social media and magazines. The earned media which is
free has always been very impactful on a candidate’s campaign (NICHOLAS and KAREN). The
paid media has always shadowed the free media campaign which was characteristic of Donald
Trump’s campaign. He was by far the most advertised candidate in the media than any other
candidate.
Media quant, a media track company that computes a dollar value based on the advertising
rates, have shown that Trump is way better than his opponents in advertising. He is way better
when it comes to the paid media he has very deep pockets that can finance his campaigns. For the
las month, he is estimated to have earned close to $ 400 million of media coverage comparing
close to what John McCain used for the entire 2008m campaigns. The reviews from the
mediaQuant are positive, neutral and negative but with the negative media given less weight
(NICHOLAS and KAREN).
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The model displays the different candidates and how they were trending at various times
(NICHOLAS and KAREN).
Do celebrity candidates (people who were famous for something else before they got into
politics) have an advantage in running for office? If so, how do they have an advantage? Are
there any disadvantages to being a celebrity candidate?
The phenomenon of celebrity politician has caught the media attention. This phenomenon
has two variants of the celebrity politicians; this is the elected politicians and the candidates. The
political scene has never been short of celebrity candidates. These candidates have been on the
rise due to the advent of the information age. There has been an increase in television publicity
and the emergence of the main communication avenues. These channels have caused the
glorification of celebrities and increasing their influence in the political arena. The line between
Hollywood and Washington has been blurred this because when the celebrities enter into the
political races, they continue to enjoy the kind of publicity they were used to.
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The costs involved in political campaigns are usually high and cannot be shouldered by an
individual (Street 435-452). Celebrities turned politicians usually get an upper hand because of
their immense wealth and the ability to hold major fundraisings. These funds are primarily used
for advertising and broadcasts. In addition to the paid advertisement the celebrities usually get a
lot of free media coverage from the earned press. Their coverage usually tends to surpass that of
their competitors and other candidates due to their celebrity status. Also through their star appeal,
they already have the name recognition and favorable images that also gives them an edge over
the rest of the pack in the political arena. This combination of fame, excitement, and glamor
positions them as favorable candidates.
Celebrities have also taken advantage of the shrewd political parties that had initially
required that candidates take lengthy apprenticeships in the political parties before vying for big
posts. The have made this rule obsolete as political parties nowadays allow candidates from the
political arena who are famous, can attract a lot of media attention and are adept at fundraising to
run for elected posts. Celebrities have been thought as successful candidates due to the “white
knight” phenomenon especially with the increased citizen cynicism about the conventional
politicians.
However, fame does not guarantee them victory as the political success requires qualities
beyond fame and wealth. The desired qualities to make in the political realm is the communication
ability, ability to avoid the tabloid press and political shrewdness. Candidates who can
communicate very well can easily win voters (Ron and Isabel 3-4). Shrewd candidates usually
impact a lot in campaigns. The largest misdoing of the celebrity candidates has been the tabloid
press. This has always brought the ghost of the past to their campaigns attracting both positive and
negative coverage.
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How has Trump used digital media, particularly Twitter, during his campaign? How has
Twitter helped him? How has it hurt him?
The use of social media for the presidential candidates has been termed as a double edged-
sword (Ingram). The use of social media has been noted as a strategy to fire up his supporters and
not to get new ones. The candidate (Trump) has made social media especially Twitter one of his
hallmarks. This fact has helped drive interest in his campaigns and consequently gained for him a
lot of publicity. He has unorthodox use of the platform but contrary to expectations he has
succeeded (Ingram).
He applied his crude openness in the use of the double-edged sword. He speaks his mind
freely in the medium contrary to the expectations of the masses for someone vying for such a post.
The openness has endeared him to his supporters and at the same time caused most of his critics
to view him as emotionally and psychologically unfit for the office.
Trump has been well suited to use Twitter from the start as his campaign approach is
ideally suited for the Twitter viral nature. Twitter has worked well for him when it comes to his
tendency to making statements that are outrageous (Amy, Jesse and Rachel 13-29). This has
worked well for him as both his supporters and the general public will retweet about those
statements. These cases have made the headline in public due to the free media coverage hence
adding to his national profile.
The use of Twitter has, however, been detrimental to trumps campaigns as the crudeness
with which he conveys his messages has caused outrage. Some people have even gone to the
extent of terming him like a 3rd grader when it comes to making remarks on Twitter.
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From the above ranking, it is evident that in as much as Twitter has worked for Trump it
has also injured his campaigns and his online presence fatal for his campaigns.
You be the journalist: How do you cover an unconventional candidate like Trump in a way
that is fair to him and to his opponents?
Regina Lawrence noted that this is probably the hardest election that journalists have had
to cover (Lombardo). To fairly cover the candidates in this election there is the need for self-
awareness so that the coverage might be fair. The practice in the media has been a lot of negative
publicity for the candidate they presume will win (Lombardo). But if I were a journalist, in this
case, I will always look for nefarious things on both sides of the divide. This will make it an equal
playing field for the contestants hence not discriminating on either candidate.
I would regularly grade each candidate according to their policies (Amy, Jesse, and
Rachel). There is the need to treat the unconventional candidates with seriousness by checking
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their facts and underlying arguments. I would not judge a candidate based on contradictions that
arise in their statements but will find facts so as not to promote negative publicity on one side of
the equation (Wolfford 83-88).
In as much as the press has tried to paint the negative impact of the statements made by
such candidates they went on to publicize them in their familiar statements “did he really say
that?” this statements instead of creating the controversy they only sustain the negative coverage
hence as a journalist I will try my best to bring out the intentions of the candidates (Lombardo).
Conclusion
The paper has been able to examine the effects of different media activities on the political
campaigns of the leading presidential contenders in this year’s presidential race. The paper has
analyzed the effects of social media on various candidate’s campaign. A comprehensive dataset
was constructed from the recent political activities in the country. The activities have been able to
show that all candidates both the favorite contenders and those purported to lose, obtain free and
paid for media coverage. All the candidates make use of the press to advance their policies hence
positioning the press as a vital tool in the face of political campaigns.
Works Cited
NICHOLAS, CONFESSORE and YOURISH KAREN. "$2 Billion Worth of Free Media for
Donald Trump." The Newyork Times (2016): 33. Internet source.
Amy, Mitchell, Holcomb Jesse, and Wiesel Rachel. Election 2016: Campaign as a Direct Source
of News. Research. New York: Pew Research Center, 2016. Print.
Doug, J Chung and Zhang Lingling. Selling to a Moving Target: Dynamic Marketing Effects in
US Presidential Elections. Boston: Havard Business School, 2015. Print.
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FÄRDIGH, MATHIAS A. "The role of media in promoting quality of government institutions in
the European Union." FREE MEDIA AND QUALITY OF GOVERNMENT (2012): 5-
31. Print.
Van Zoonen, L. (2004) ‘Imagining the fan community,' European Journal of Communication,
19:1, 3952.
Ingram, Mathew. "Donald Trump Just Unleashed an Early Morning Twitter Rant." Fortune
(2016). Print .
Lombardo, Cara. Unconventional presidential race puts media in the crosshairs. 17 September
2016. Internet source. 07 October 2016.
Ron, Haskins and Sawhill Isabel. "Campaign 2016: Eight Big Issues the Presidential Candidates
Should Address." Recommendation. 2015.
Stan M. Haynes, The First American Political Conventions: Transforming Presidential
Nominations, 18321872 (Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 2012), 1931, 34.
Street, John. Celebrity Politicians: Popular Culture and Political Representation. Research.
Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2004. Print.
Ron Haskins, “The Family Is Here to Stay—or Not,” Future of Children 25, no. 2 (2015): 129
53.
Wolfford, David. "Presidential Nominating Conventions: Unconventional This Year?" Review.
2016.

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