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MENTAL HEALTH 1

Mental health

Name

Institution

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Mental health

Introduction

Mental illness is a health disorder that has attracted the attention of health researchers

across the globe in attempts to devise appropriate medical interventions to curb the menace that

affects the mental condition of a victim in diverse ways. Mental health is the same as physical

health, and thus people should take care of their mental states. Studies have indicated that

mental illness affects the ability of a person to think usually and react to circumstances in a

manner that that does not represent the reality of thought (Chakraborty, Patrick and Lambri

2013).

People with mental illnesses also display common problems such as high levels of

depression, anxiety as well as advanced complications of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

(Morgans, n.d). Concerning the above mental illness descriptions, Stan has depicted various

signs that can be attributing to a psychological condition known as Paranoid Schizophrenia. By

splitting the two terms, one can derive more information about the health condition of Stan. As

such paranoid is the description of an individual suffering from paranoia, which is described as a

mental illness of seeing and perceiving things or experiences which are not real (Blaney 2016).

For instance, the confession of Stan that government scientists have been spying on him and

conducting a series of experiments on him for the last one year by inserting electrodes into his

brain is an illusion (Bowdler and Renshaw 2014). The illustration is further worsened by the fact

that he rarely allows people to get into his door yet there are government scientists spying on

him.

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As argued earlier, Stan is anxious and depressed thus contributing to his behavior of

staying alone in his flat. Schizophrenia on the other side refers to the mental problem in which a

person loses the sense of reality (Clarke & El-Mahdi 2014). Additionally, people with this

disorder are characterized by paranoid delusions (Halley 2017) that result of a person becoming

suspicious of others (Pelkmans 2018). It is evident from the case of Stan that he finds it hard to

relate with others as well as the delusional perception of impending danger in the pretext that all

is not right. Research has suggested that the condition of paranoid Schizophrenia persists mostly

in the age bracket of late adolescence or young adulthood (Korostiy, Sinayko, Korovina and

Zemlyanitsyna 2013) which absorbs the age of Stan as depicted in his case.

Aetiology of paranoid schizophrenia

The desire to find out the cause of various mental disorders has prompted vigorous

discussions on whether the dominant trigger of psychological disorder is biological or

interpersonal orientation. Researchers have identified different risk factors that are associated

with constant paranoia thoughts. Such causes include a situation of experiencing confusing

experiences that one is unable to explain (Munro 2015). Also, a feeling of anxiousness or

extreme worry coupled with low self-esteem and a sense of rejection or criticism by others has

been pointed to cause paranoia. Furthermore, scholars suggest that the way of thinking bears a

potential risk in causing insanity with the argument that people who tend to conclude quickly

from life encounters are more prone to paranoid schizophrenia (Whitehouse-Hart 2014).

According to Fogelin (2013), the weakness of believing things rapidly and in a stable manner is

the pivotal reason for developing illusions that are too distant from the reality. Also, the situation

of isolation has also been put forward by psychological scholars as a contributing factor to the

development paranoia (Higginson 2014). With a keen reflection into the case of Stan, it is well

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described of his isolated life in his flat; hisfirmbelief that things are not well with him and a

feeling that everyone else is against him has contributed much to the development of his

paranoid behavior that he openly demonstrates.

Health promotion and recovery concepts of paranoid schizophrenia

The intervention of medical professionals in initiating the recovery process of paranoia

victims is crucial in promoting healthyliving as well as curbing the existent potential of future

mental disorders. Considerable scholarly studies have indicated that vigorouspromotion

measures and recovery practices should be centered on encouraging personal resources and skills

coupled with the advancement of the positive socio-economic environment (Aston 2014). The

emphasis on the progress of the real socio-economic background is due to its mutual relationship

with developing social relations and economic constraints which pose a risk of depression and

anxiety, which may trigger the occurrence of paranoia.Also much has been written on the

improvement of social relations, connections and involvement of everyone in the broader society

matters to eliminate the scary feeling of loneliness and depression (Pinto-Gouveia et al., 2012)

which bear a higher potential of causing paranoia. Freedom from all forms of discrimination and

violence based on factors such as race religion, political beliefs, social and health status in

attempts to foster emotional stability that give one complete control over his life and emotions as

argued by Foster 2014. Emotional stability is suggested to promote appropriate

emotionaljudgment and helps in avoiding illusions which have no reality (Idsoe 2015).

Conclusion

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Conclusively,Paranoid Schizophrenia is a critical mental problem that can be diagnosed

with the symptoms that manifest themselves in a person, with the most common one being

illusions which have no connection with real-life experiences. Since mental health is as

significant as physical health, appropriate psychological health promotion techniques should be

applied. Such include freedom from discrimination,involvement in society decisions and creation

of a favorable economic environment that is vital in maintaining the emotional stability that is

imperative to realistic mental judgments.

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References

Aston, H. J. (2014). An ecological model of mental health promotion for school

communities: adolescent views about mental health promotion in secondary schools

in the UK. International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, 16(5), 289-307.

doi:10.1080/14623730.2014.963402

Blarney, P. (2016). Paranoia. Encyclopedia of Mental Health, 237-241. doi:10.1016/b978-0-

12-397045-9.00091-4

Bowdler, A. J., & Renshaw, F. G. (2014). Dilutional Anemia. The Complete Spleen, 123-

135. doi:10.1007/978-1-59259-124-4_8

Chakraborty, A., Patrick, L., & Lambri, M. (2013). Racism and Mental Illness in the UK.

Mental Disorders - Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives. doi:10.5772/52297

Clarke, C. W., & El-Mahdi, E. O. (2014). Confusion and paranoia associated with oral

tocainide. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 61(711), 79-81.

doi:10.1136/pgmj.61.711.79

Fogelin, R. (2013). Pure Reason and Its Illusions. Walking the Tightrope of Reason, 69-94.

doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195177541.003.0004

Foster, N. J. (2013). Freedom of Religion and Discrimination - Two Important UK Cases.

SSRN Electronic Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.1527327

Halley, J. (2017). Paranoia, Feminism, Law. Oxford Scholarship Online.

doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190456368.003.0008

Higginson, S. (2014). Malingered psychosis among prisoners: part 1. Mental Health

Practice, 9(3), 22-25. doi:10.7748/mhp2005.11.9.3.22.c1893

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Idsoe, E. M. (2015). The importance of social learning environment factors for affective

well-being among students. Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties, 21(2), 155-166.

doi:10.1080/13632752.2015.1053695

Korostiy, V., Sinayko, V., Korovina, L., & Zemlyanitsyna, O. (2013). 2339 – Relationship

between compliance and abdominal obesity in patients with paranoid schizophrenia.

European Psychiatry, 28, 1. doi:10.1016/s0924-9338(13)77181-5

Morgans, T. (n.d.). Mental health problems (introduction) | Mind, the mental health charity -

help for mental health problems. Retrieved from

https://www.mind.org.uk/information-support/types-of-mental-health-

problems/mental-health-problems-introduction/#.WuCet5pRVdh

Munro, A. (2015). Paranoia or delusional disorder. Delusional Disorder, 45-70.

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511544095.005

Pelkmans, M. (2018). Intervention Doubt, Suspicion, Mistrust ... Semantic Approximations.

Mistrust. doi:10.14361/9783839439234-009

Pinto-Gouveia, J., Matos, M., Castilho, P., & Xavier, A. (2012). Differences between

Depression and Paranoia: The Role of Emotional Memories, Shame and

Subordination. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 21(1), 49-61.

doi:10.1002/cpp.1818

Whitehouse-Hart, J. (2014). ‘Programmes for People Who Are Paranoid About the Way

They Look’: Thoughts on Paranoia, Recognition, Mirrors and Makeover Television.

Media and the Inner World: Psycho-cultural Approaches to Emotion, Media and

Popular Culture, 135-150. doi:10.1057/9781137345547_9

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