MLA Economics

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Economics
Knowledge as a Commodity
Knowledge is a crucial factor in production. The basis of economies relies on how
knowledge is disseminated, invention and creation. Many firms consider knowledge as an
essential element, especially in innovation, about economic competition. The exchange or
potentiality of trade will make some things to be referred to as a commodity (Boulding &
Kenneth 10).
Knowledge production in the world has become a business. The establishment of
many universities is evidence. Through the above observation, knowledge can be termed as a
commodity because knowledge production is a business. The market economy is influenced,
in commodity exchange, by products.
In the twenty-first century, knowledge has increased its value. Organizations are now
using knowledge more effectively in economic growth. An increase in the value of education
provides an opportunity for developing countries to strengthen their economy (Boulding &
Kenneth 07).
The reason as to why knowledge has grown is that it has become a factor in the
creation of value. It has also helped nations in the achievements of development goals.
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Developing countries need to capitalize on human knowledge so as they can become
competitive in the economic market (Boulding & Kenneth 3).
The Economists
Making decisions is an essential task for an economist. Development
recognition and economic development are processes that are sinking into the minds of
economists. The image is a choice among other perceived future pictures (Boulding &
Kenneth 13).
The study of decision must concentrate on how future images are derived from the
past information input. Therefore it is important for economists to know that the inputs from
the pasts dictate the image for future decision making.
Economists ought to focus on the right inputs from the past so as they acquire
knowledge that will aid them in making positive decision making in future. They must
understand the epistemological theory of making a decision. The theory will always act as a
guide in choosing the right input from the past.
The epistemological approach of decision making will be null and void if the ways in
which the past inputs affect the present image are not specified. The economist should also
understand that organization’s communication network also determines the inputs.
Flat tax
Flat tax is a system whose tax rate is same to all taxpayers regardless of their age or
class. All taxpayers pay the same tax. The system does not allow paying taxes in classes
(Stokey et al. 540).
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According to Boulding the USA use a flat tax rate system. The idea of flat tax rate
system raised the eyebrows of the US citizens. Some thought to pay the same amount of tax
will portray equality, while others viewed it as a form of discrimination (Stokey et al. 549).
Neither the middle class nor the poor will benefit from the flat tax. The system will
only benefit from the flat rate system of tax. Rich people will be the beneficiary of a flat tax.
They will be judged less more than the middle-class people (Stokey et al. 537).
The flat tax rate eases the computation work of revenue collection. It is is a popular
form of tax collection system because it eliminates double taxation. Taxation dictates the
price of goods in a country (Stokey et al. 543). Therefore it is advisable for a country to
choose wisely a better tax system.
Consumer’s Confidence
Consumers confidence is a measure of the degree of optimism a consumer has
towards the overall economy’s state (Dees et al. 9). It also relates to how consumers feel
about their personal financial status about the economy.
The study of consumer confidence refers to consumers’ intention to spend and save
(Dees et al. 9). If they have faith in their personal finance and the future economy, they will
spend more than they can save.
The trust of consumers is a significant indicator of the market. If the confidence of
the consumer is high, more purchases will take place. Also, if the consumers are not
confidence enough, they will save more than what they spend.
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References
Boulding, Kenneth E. "The economics of knowledge and the knowledge of economics." The
American Economic Review 56.1/2 (1966): 1-13.
Dees, Stephane, and Pedro Soares Brinca. "Consumer confidence as a predictor of
consumption spending: Evidence for the United States and the Euro area."
International Economics 134 (2013): 1-14.
Stokey, Nancy L., and Sergio Rebelo. "Growth effects of flat-rate taxes." Journal of Political
Economy 103.3 (1995): 519-550.

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