Modality in Korean

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Modality in Korean
Modality can be described as the altitude a writer or a speaker has towards the world. It
means that writers or speakers can have different expressions and opinions on the same thing,
such as they can express certainty, necessity, and ability. Many modal verbs and nouns have
many meanings and can be expressed differently in the daily phenomenon. It is common to
almost all the languages such as the word “may” in English is a modal verb that can be used to
mean express permission or indicate supposition. It’s also the case in German; the verb können
can be used in different context to explain possibility, capability, and supposition. In the Korean
language has many nouns such as swu, li, and Philo that can be used in different context to
express ability, possibility, and necessity. For example, swu can be used to express possibility or
ability, and Li can be used to express to express possibility and circumstantial. When translating
from one language to another such from Korean to English affixes used can bring different
meaning if the original subjective altitude of the sentence is not taken into consideration. This is
described by the different types of modalities such as deontic, mood, epistemic and speech acts
modality.
Modality and existential
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Most languages to bring the message home they use specialized sentence clauses or
structures that are referred to as existential constructions. The main reason behind these clauses
is for the users to be able to be able to express a proposition that explains how an individual or
item exists or is available. Modality and existential mainly manifest themselves in any language
and in The Korean language they are seen in word order, case marking and non-canonical
agreement. Epistemic is an indicator of overreaction, and thus it is an evidential marker that
signals a perfect inference. Natural language such as Korean requires existential quantification
due to the reason that the language is varied and modalized. Modal construction in the Korean
language indicate a necessity and possibility. The situational possibility is also known as
circumstantial, or root is indicated by use of internal clause (u)I swu iss. In this clause the uI
had a future meaning and referred to as an adnominal suffix, the swu is an expression of
possibility and mainly occurs with the copula also called as the existential verb. Looking at a
sentence that is normalized and apply a perception verb for example kath which means look
alike. Epistemic construction can be formed such as pi-ka o-l kes- kath- ta which means it may
rain or looks like rain." However, with few changes, it will indicate an adnominal sentence such
as nwumn-I o-l tus-ha ta which gives a different meaning that it looks like snow. The use of
verb po in The Korean language that is preceded by a question that requires a yes or no form
adnominal phrases. In some instances when a noun is used to express ability or possibility such
as swu or necessity such as Philo or reasonable expected such as li and is proceeded by an
adnominal sentence is mainly followed by an existential verb that is written s iss or negative
eps. However, philyo may be used to indicate a normative case in the conditional sentence in The
Korean language (Kwon, 550).
Korean modalities affixes
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In linguistics, affix is the smallest grammatical unit that can be joined to a word stem to
come up with a new word or change the initial meaning. Speaker of languages can use affixes as
derivational or can be bound morphemes. In The Korean language is no exception as it has
several affixes modalities. In most cases Korean speakers use te which is assumed as a syntax
that is used to isolate the evidential and analysis that is lexical, it also indicates that there is direct
evidence acquired either via visual or sensory input. Below shows the Korean morphemes
The verbal affixes present in the Korean language, there are many proposals that indicate
that ordering of affixes is explained by the verbal functional projections that are due to
traditional language principles and parameters. Derivational affixes Korean are the major
contributor to the honorific feature that is inherent in the word roots or stems such the chyki-I
chayksang-wuy-ey iss-ta, it means that the suffix in this sentence can bring different meaning.
The different application of copula issa-ta changes meaning in the Korean sentence. The passive
markers in the Koreans verbs are very common. When an agent is used as a passive morpheme,
it expresses a potential causative marker which is a verbative derivational affix as which is
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added on the end of the root of a word (Wymann, 223). Other affixes that are inflectional are
shown in table below
-usi (ta)
-si (ta)
ilk-usi (ta) ‘to read
ka-si (ta)to go
tul-usi (ta) ‘to listen’
paywu-si (ta) ‘to learn’
anc-usi (ta) ‘to sit down’
ilena-si (ta) ‘to get up
cap-usi (ta) ‘to catch
manna-si (ta) ‘to meet
Conclusion
There is three major type of modality that can be seen in the Korean language that is
epistemic and is knowledge-based, deontic which indicate external constraints and lastly the
dynamic modality that is based on the internal psychology. In Korean affixes have different
meaning and can change the meaning of a sentence. As discussed the ass/ ess is used to indicate
definite or an event that is completed. Thus Korean is the only language that marks a sentence
type with particles in the sentential mode.
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Works Cited
Kwon, Youan, Sungmook Choi, and Yoonhyoung Lee. "Early use of orthographic information in
spoken word recognition: Event‐related potential evidence from the Korean language."
Psychophysiology 53.4 (2016): 544-552.
Wymann, Adrian Thomas. The expression of modality in Korean. Diss. Universitat Bern, 1996.

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