Pico question

Running Head: PICO QUESTION 1
PICO QUESTION
Background Information: Diabetes among the High-Risk Groups
Some of the factors that contribute high risk of diabetes among some population
groups/sub-groups include race. Evidence-based research shows the Africans, Asians, Hispanic
PICO QUESTION 2
and Native Americans are at high chances of contracting type 2 diabetes (Strings et al., 2016).
Inactivity is also a common factor that leads to diabetes due among the high-risk groups. The
other factor that has been contributing to increased risk of diabetes is high poverty level and
inaccessibility of quality health care. In the case of diet, a person with low income cannot afford
quality diet leading to high instances of diabetes (Booth, 2013). Healthcare is an essential aspect
of screening, management, and control of diabetes. Patients from the poor background discover
they have been living with diabetes at late stages, which complicated the management of the
disease. Overall, these factors are predominant is some subgroups such as African Americans
causing high cases of diabetes. An approach that focuses on screening from an early age and
providing awareness among the member of the most affected groups would substantially reduce
diabetes as explored by the PICO Question.
PICO Research Question
In a diabetes high-risk groups such as African American and Native American, how does
increased screening compared to physical exercise affect diabetes control?
Population
Adults 20 years that have not been screened or diagnosed with any type of diabetes
among the high-risk groups. Such groups include African American, Native America. Hispanic
American, and people with family history of diabetes. Patients that have been diagnosed with
diabetes and those that come from the low-risk population will be excluded from the study.
Intervention
The subjects will be screened on a regular basis, after two weeks and there will be the
administration of culturally based interventions. All the interventions and management programs
will be based on the screening results, which is the evidence-based treatment. Similarly, the
PICO QUESTION 3
exercises and diet will be based on the results from screening exercise. It is thus likely
individuals will be taking different exercise and diets during the study.
Comparison
A standard physical exercise will be applied to the control group. All the subjects
regardless of their gender, ethnicity, weight, and history will undertake the standardized physical
activity for an equal length of time. The exercise will take place at a park four days a week for 45
minutes for 16 weeks. The aim is to reduce the discrepancies in the outcome of the diabetes
management resulting from the specific intervention.
Outcome
The impact of evidence-based intervention in managing diabetes among the high-risk
groups as compared to standardized exercise. After 16 weeks the number of patients, as well as
the severity of diabetes from both the experiment and control group, will be collected for
analysis.
Time Frame
The outcome of the study on the diabetes management will be collected after 16 weeks.
Impact of the PICO Research in Nursing
Several effects result from understanding the impact of evidence-based practice in the
management of diabetes. For instance, it improves treatment effectiveness as the nurses are
aware of the specific diabetes risk among specific groups (Greenhalgh, Howick & Mskrey,
2014). In the case of standardized exercise, the approach is too general to promote efficacy.
Screening also improves awareness among the patients owing to the rigorous involvement and
information provided (Sherwood & McCullough, 2016). Ultimately, the awareness helps the
patients to change their lifestyle and undertake exercises that will improve their health. It is also
PICO QUESTION 4
important to point out early screening reduces the prevalence of diabetes and its effects such as
blindness and body parts amputation.
References
PICO QUESTION 5
Booth, G. L. et al. (2013). Unwalkable Neighborhoods, Poverty, and the Risk of Diabetes
Among Recent Immigrants to Canada Compared With Long-Term Residents. Diabetes
Care, 36(2), pp. 302-308.
Greenhalgh, T., Howick, J., & Mskrey, N. (2014). Evidence based medicine: a movement in
crisis? BMJ, pp.1-7.
Sherwood, M., & McCullough P. A. (2016). Chronic kidney disease from screening, detection,
and awareness, to prevention. The Lancet Global Health, 4(5), e288e289.
Strings, S., Ranchod, Y. K., Laraia, B., & Nuru-Jeter, A. (2016). Race and Sex Differences in
the Association between Food Insecurity and Type 2 Diabetes. Ethn Dis, 26(3), pp. 427
434.

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