POLS Written Assignment

Running head: POLS WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT 1

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POLLS WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT 2

POLS Written Assignment

The American population is a conglomeration of personalities from different states. The

original migrants settled at the beginning of the American country while the blacks made their

way during the periods of slavery. Other races including the Chinese, Asians, and Mexicans

made their way to the US following the immigration as they seek to obtain quality lives.

However, the migrants have suffered immensely at the hands of the locals who considered the

country theirs. The aspect includes racism in schools, discrimination in employment

opportunities and the lack of inclusion in government systems. Following the difficulties are seen

by the immigrants, they had been a push for constitutional reforms, which allowed the

immigrants to be sole citizens of the US with equal rights. In this piece, we aim at analyzing the

three groups of immigrants those are the Chinese, the Mexicans, and the Indians considering the

challenges they faced and the reason for their emergence as the most prominent races in the

United States.

To begin with the Chinese, they encompass the third largest group of the American

population following the Mexicans and the Indians. The first bunch of Chinese began arriving in

mid-1800 with the second lot finding their way from 1970 to date constituting five percent of the

total migrant is population, the 2016 census report shows (Jie Zong, 2018). The main reason for

Chinese arrival was the for manual labor activities including working in the mines, agricultural

premises, construction of railroads and any other job requiring low skills. In 1848, there was a

discovery of Gold in the state of California, which sparked the entrance of personalities named as

the forty-niners whose original composition were the Chinese; this whole thing was referred to as

the gold rush. Being that the California authorities had established and improved structures, like

the railroad and steamship, this promoted the entrance of the Chinese immigrants. The Chinese

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encountered myriad of challenges when they arrived; there was the inculcation of the Chinese

exclusion act whose aim was to limit the future immigration of the Chinese workers.

Additionally, the authorities barred them from obtaining the US citizenships. Public attitudes and

the labor unions instigated these claims prohibiting further migration of these races. In the gold

mines, the Chinese workers were subject to xenophobic attacks as well as racial discriminations

from their white counterparts and miners who had the view that they were the real American

citizens. As a miner considered forty-nine, life was brutal since it was backbreaking yet there

was no value obtained from the mines. Additionally, having come in large numbers, there was

the challenge of lack of proper housings, poor sanitation, harsh laws enforced in the mining

camps as well as the increase in crime rates.

In the mid-60s, there was a reprieve to the Chinese. It was a result of the immigration

laws act passed in the U.S. These acts once again opened the pathways for migrations for

personalities who were non-Europeans. The Chinese loosening of its controls for emigrations

also contributed to the significant flow of Chinese migrants in addition to the intensified relations

between China and the United States. It, in turn, resulted in the doubling of the number of

immigrants from 300000 to 590000 according to the 2016 census report. The Chinese are the

more important successful race in the US since the migrants who came in the 60s were mainly

skilled and could be absorbed in managerial positions. They also constitute the largest number of

international students enrolled in the US education system with their citizens receiving the

second highest number of temporary visas for the employer-sponsored. Additionally, the EB-5

visa program has a large representation from the Chinese nationals improving their investment

strategies.

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Considering the Indians, they arrived in the 19th century primarily to participate in low

skilled activities. In 2015, the Indian immigrants were estimated to be 2.4 million being the

second largest group after Mexicans (Jie Zong, 2018). Upon their occupation, Indians faced with

challenges including the forceful removal from their lands hence walking for miles an act

commonly known as the trail of tears. They were also the resentment by the white Americans

who considered them Alien people occupying lands meant for the whites. Similarly, following

the volubility of the Indian lands, the white settlers coveted and flooded these regions; they grew

cotton for their usage without consideration of the natives. They too stole livestock, burned

houses and looted towns specifically for the Indian people. The reign of Andrew Jackson as

president also posed an adverse effect on the Indians; he spearheaded the signing of the Indian

removal act giving the Federal government power to drive the Indians away with their land

utilized for the growth of cotton. Likewise, the efforts of the state governments to pass laws

limiting the sovereignty of the Indian race and allowing for the encroachment of their territory

without their permission was also a contributing factor. The pragmatic Cherokee population

would negotiate for exchange treaties for their land but the white settlers never honored. Upon

settling into the known Indian territory past Mississippi River where the government promised

no molestation, there were continuous raids, which resulted in the shrinking and extinction of

their region.

To consider the Mexicans, they constitute the largest number of immigrants following the

closeness to the United States. They began trickling around the 1890s following the massive

growth of new industries set up in the US. These mining and agricultural activities favored the

coming of the Mexican migrants("How Mexican Immigration to the U.S. Has Evolved," 2018).

Additionally, following the revolutions of 1910-1920, an increased number of refugees as well as

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political exiles ultimately found their way into the United States. However, the job crisis as well

as food shortages following the depression, which occurred in the US, presented the major

effects. Moreover, there was the threat of deportation following the hostility that had cropped

through unemployment. Locals tricked some into repatriation as others voluntarily considered

moving back to Mexico. Landholders cut the number of the permanent workforce as the banks

drove the small farmers away from their lands. The remaining Mexicans struggled for survival

and ultimately found stability in some of the work camps meant for the migrants. The Mexican

workforce ultimately extended their work area that was hitherto concentrated on agriculture to

establish in the various cadre of the American workforce. We now find the descendants in areas

like mining and ranching previously known for the white settlers. They also serve as local

mayors as well as higher government officials. Mexico being near to the US, undocumented

migrants would come on a frequent basis where landowners would subject them to exploitation.

Some would return to Mexico once they obtain enough money. Similar to other immigrants, who

the natives barred from accessing education facilities only to be limited to the farms since the

American population believed that they would be low productivity when the number of Mexican

immigrants would reduce.

In the current political lexicon, The US President Trump has set policies aimed at

removing drug dealers, gang members, and the undocumented immigrants. He sets to construct a

wall, which from historical reasons seams unfounded. A similar thing happened years back when

the government used massive coiled barbed wires in a bid to stop people from climbing; the

result was the immigrants introducing ropes and carpets to avoid the sharpness. Therefore,

constructing a wall may not prove to be a sound idea as migrants would still devise other

mechanisms. Trump also seeks to end the program on deferred action for childhood arrivals

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known as DOCA ("Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals," 2018). This considers children who

came to the US before attaining 16years, with constant residence ever since 15th June 2007,

were present in the US on 15th June 2012, have never had convictions pertaining to a felony or

misdemeanor of any kind and finally children presently in school with prior completion of

general education development or high school. Common immigration problems experienced are

the pressure to the resources by the undocumented immigrants, there is also the increase in

population as well as the shrinking in job opportunities resulting in unemployment. Solving such

problems compel the government to come up with sound policies at its borders limiting the

entrance of immigrants with no value to the republic.

In conclusion, the United States has remained the major destination for immigrants

including the Chinese, Indians and the Mexicans, the main reason for arrival being economic

satisfaction and such for employment opportunities. Despite the earlier difficulties experienced

by the immigrants, they established and became more successful in the American economic

setup. However, the issue of immigration has remained a concern to the American government

following the challenges it poses to the Americans. It has therefore resulted in the formulation of

laws barring the entrance of immigrants.

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References

Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals. (2018). Department of Homeland Security. Retrieved

18 April 2018, from https://www.dhs.gov/archive/deferred-action-childhood-arrivals

How Mexican Immigration to the U.S. Has Evolved. (2018). Time. Retrieved 18 April 2018,

from http://time.com/3742067/history-mexican-immigration/

Jie Zong, J. (2018). Chinese Immigrants in the United States. migrationpolicy.org. Retrieved 18

April 2018, from https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/chinese-immigrants-united-

states

Jie Zong, J. (2018). Indian Immigrants in the United States. migrationpolicy.org. Retrieved 18

April 2018, from https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/indian-immigrants-united-

states

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