PRESSURE TRANSDUCER CALIBRATION Final 1

Running head: PRESSURE TRANSDUCER CALIBRATION 1

Pressure Transducer Calibration

Name

Institutional Affiliation

PRESSURE TRANSDUCER CALIBRATION 2

Contents

Objectives ..................................................................................................................................................... 3

Nomenclature ................................................................................................................................................ 3

Theory ........................................................................................................................................................... 3

Equipment ..................................................................................................................................................... 4

Measurements ............................................................................................................................................... 4

Calculations................................................................................................................................................... 5

Discussion ..................................................................................................................................................... 6

Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................... 9

Appendix .................................................................................................................................................... 10

PRESSURE TRANSDUCER CALIBRATION 3

Pressure Transducer Calibration

Objectives

The cardinal aim of this experiment was to calibrate the provided electronic transducer by

utilizing LabVIEW as well as ascertain its accuracy and working range.

Nomenclature

The experiment was concerned with calibrating a pressure transducer and using it to

measure pressure. Since voltage output was employed in the calibration process, there were only

two variables encountered in this experiment, namely pressure and voltagewhose dimensions

were (PSI) and volts (V) respectively.

Theory

Pressure measurement can be achieved through various methods. Firstly, simple pressure

gauges that are found along flow loops are examples of pressure quantification devices that

employ simple mechanical principles. However, there exist other more sophisticated tools, such

as pressure transducers, which are capable of converting mechanical pressure mechanisms to an

electrical signal. Studies indicate that pressure transducersare classified into two broad

categories, whereby the first group exhibits piezoelectric effects, while the other utilizes

aresistive strain gauge. The former kind consists of a piezoelectric material that deforms when

pressure is exerted on its surface. During the deformation process and electric potential is

generated, which is proportional to the applied stress. On the other hand, a fine wire that is

capable of deforming when subjected to pressure is used in the manufacturing of resistive strain

gauge transducers. When this wire deforms, its resistance varies depending on the intensity of the

deformation. The change in resistance is measured and converted to an electric signal to be

quantified accurately.

PRESSURE TRANSDUCER CALIBRATION 4

In this experiment, the LabVIEW software was used tocalibrate a pressure transducer.

After that, the provided VI device was modified according to the lab manual to measure pressure

obtained from the pressure tester. The set-up of the VI device was as illustrated in the figure

below. It was hypothesized that the resulting voltage would rise proportionally with an increase

in pressure and that the VI pressure readings would conform to pressure gauge readings.

Figure 1: The VI device set-up.

Equipment

Some of the equipment used to accomplish this experiment included DAQ, LabVIEW, a

pressure tester with an analog pressure gauge, an attached electronic transducer, and 12 volts DC

power supply.

Measurements

The table presented below illustrates the experimental data obtained during this

experiment.

PRESSURE TRANSDUCER CALIBRATION 5

Table 1

Pressure calibration data

P on Analog

Gauge

Measured voltage (V)

Trial 1

Trial 2

Trial 3

average

0.479136

0.479288

0.482497

0.480307

0.686099

0.589512

0.590836

0.588816

0.698157

0.702843

0.697851

0.699617

0.814951

0.815358

0.820044

0.816784

0.930421

0.928485

0.929504

0.92947

100

1.0408

1.04396

1.04538

0.04338

Similarly, the experimental data obtained while measuring pressure using VI was recorded in

Table 2.

Table 2

Pressure measurements:

P on

Analog

Gauge

Measured pressure (PSI)

Trial 1

Trial 2

Trial 3

average

% Deviation

10.1886

10.1796

10.1856

1.856

29.9766

29.8864

29.3185

29.72717

0.909

49.8547

49.9718

49.8727

49.89973

0.201

69.7147

69.9491

70.5261

70.0633

0.090

90.3951

89.9083

89.9895

90.09763

0.108

Calculations

It is worth mentioning that the average measured voltage results were obtained by

summing up the voltages of the three trials under the same pressure as shown below.

For 20 PSI,

PRESSURE TRANSDUCER CALIBRATION 6

Av voltage =





= 0.588816V

The average values of all the other measured voltages were obtained in the same manner and

recorded in table 1. Similarly, the average measured pressure was obtained by summing resulting

pressure for all the trials as indicated below.

For 10PSI,

Av measured pressure =





= 10.1856PSI

The same approach was utilized to obtain average values of all the other measured pressures, and

the resulting values were recorded in Table 2. However, the measured pressure differed from the

expected values slightly. The percentage deviation of measured pressure from expected pressure

was evaluated as shown below.

For 30 PSI,

% deviation =





 

% deviation =





  = 1.856%

It is important to point out that the same approach was utilized to obtain the percentage deviation

of all measured pressure from the expected pressure, and the resulting data was recorded in Table

Discussion

Based on the experimental results in Table 1, it was observed that as the applied pressure

increased, the resulting voltage heightened proportionally. In particular, approximately

0.480307V and 1.04338V were measured when 0 and 100PSI pressure was applied to the

PRESSURE TRANSDUCER CALIBRATION 7

transducer respectively. Notably, the proportional increase conformed to the theoretical

operational principles of a pressure transducer. In particular, when the pressure was exerted, the

tension on the transducer’s diaphragm increased, thus leading to higher voltage generation.

It should be understood that when stress on the diaphragm is translated using electrical

components, an electrical signal is generated to measure voltage. One salient point to note is that

as the pressure increased, the tension on the diaphragm rose, hence resulting in a higher voltage

reading. The resulting voltage presented in Table 1 was used to plot the graph in the figure

below.

Figure 2: The graph of calibrated pressure against voltage.

The graph shows a straight line conforming to the observations made above that as the

pressure increased, the voltage reading also rose systematically. Furthermore, the R

value of

0.9999 illustrates that the regression line had the best fit. Nevertheless, the experimental results

in Table 2 had slight deviation from the expected outputs. In this case, the ainticipated outcomes

pertained to the set pressure on the analog pressure gauge and the resulting pressure obtained

y = 176.99x - 84.467

R² = 0.9999

100

120

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2

Pressure (PSI)

Voltage (V)

Pressure Calibration Data

PRESSURE TRANSDUCER CALIBRATION 8

from the VI display. Specifically, it was observed that the VI screen recorded an average

pressure of 70.0633 PSI when the analog pressure gauge was set to 70 PSI. Notably, this presents

an insignificant deviation of approximately 0.0633 PSI. The experimental results shown in Table

2 were used plot a graph of expected pressure against measured pressure as indicated in the

figure provided below.

Figure 3: The graph of set pressure against measured pressure.

From the graph, it is noticeable that the measured pressure conformed to the expected

pressure. To be specific, the gradient of the line was approximately 1, illustrating that all the

points had the same value in the x- and y-axes. Moreover, the regression line had an R

value of

1, which shows that all the points were along the line of best fit. Most importantly, the evaluation

of the percentage deviation shows that there were insignificant discrepancies between the

measured and expected results. For instance, the highest percentagedifference recorded during

this experiment was 1.856%, which was below an accepted value of 2.5%.

y = 0.9992x + 0.0469

R² = 1

100

0 20 40 60 80 100

Pressure (PSI)

Pressure (psi)

Pressure Calibration Data

PRESSURE TRANSDUCER CALIBRATION 9

Conclusion

From the experimental results presented above, it can be observed that the aim of this

experiment of calibrating a pressure transducer and further ascertaining its accuracy was attained

successfully. Notably, it was noted that as the applied pressure increased, the resulting voltage

also heightened. For example, voltage values of 0.588816V and 0.92947V were recorded when

the pressure tester was set to 20 and 80 PSI respectively. Moreover, the plot of pressure against

resulting voltage had a regression line with an R

value of 0.999, thus showing that all the points

were along the line of best fit. Therefore, it can be said that the experiment was conducted

precisely. In the second section of this lab, it is observed that the measured pressure has a

negligible deviation from the expected pressure. For example, a pressure of 90.09763 PSI was

recorded when the pressure tester was set to 90 PSI. Notably, the highest percentage deviation

recorded in this experiment was 1.856%, which illustrates that the lab was conducted accurately.

Moreover, the plot of measured pressure had a regression line with an R

of 1. Hence, all the

points fit on the line of best-fit link squarely, depicting that the experiment was also conducted

precisely. However, the slight deviation recorded could indicate that some errors were

encountered during this experiment. Some of the mistakes that might have been encountered

include the use of a faulty VI device that may have caused erratic voltage reading, which may

have lowered the precision of the results in the first part of the lab. Similarly, the pressure gauge

might have had some problems, thus leading to inaccurate expected pressure readings.

Nevertheless, the mistakes did not hamper the results significantly.

PRESSURE TRANSDUCER CALIBRATION 10

Appendix

Figure 4: The experimental set-up used to calibrate pressure transducer.

Figure 5: The schematic block diagram of VI set-up.

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