Reapportionment and Redistricting

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Political Science.
In the United States, apportionment describes the process of distributing seats in the
House of representatives among the 50 states. Each state is given seats according to its
population as stated in the constitution. Every state must get at least one seat. Redistricting is a
constitutional process that takes place every ten years where American districts of the state
legislatures and U.S. House are redrawn. This occurs after the new population is announced by
the U.S. Census Bureau. Some states lose some seats, others gain while others remain with the
same number depending on the population change.
Sometimes gerrymandering occurs where political districts are drawn in very odd shapes
due to political reasons. Gerrymandering can be either partisan, bipartisan or racial. Partisan has
been there for a long time since 1789. It only favors one political party and disadvantages the
other. Bipartisan benefits the incumbents in Republican and Democratic which are the two
political parties in U.S. it became famous during the redistricting process of 2000. It resulted in
redistricting plans which were very non-competitive. Racial gerrymandering draws lines to
ensure minor races do not elect their preferred candidate. It is used to reduce the impact of
minority voting.
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Gerrymandering should be stopped. It is a very complex process which uses a lot of
money redrawing the boundaries and does not help the nation. Its major focus is political benefits
of particular groups and not national development. It also disadvantages some groups, for
example, the racial gerrymandering deprives the minorities the rights of choosing their desired
candidate.
In 1787, Hamilton assisted in planning for a constitutional convention which took place
in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The convention consisted of delegates from the 13 colonies which
were the governing group during American Revolution. During the convention, the Articles of
Confederation were revised. Most of the delegates who had attended the convention opted to
create a new government plan. This led to the creation of the United States Constitution. It
established a government which had power over the people. It also stated the powers given to the
national government. It protected the rights of the citizens and the powers given to the states.
From the colonial and state legislatures, several things were passed to the congress. The first was
the mode of governance, it still remained to be in states where each state elects its own leader.
The rights of citizens and some powers of the government were also passed. (Wood, 368).
Since the legislature created under the new constitution was almost the same as that in the
Article of Confederation, it can be said to be a mutant of the old legislature. Based on the state
and colonial examples, the Congress should have defined the powers for each state. The
constitution should have put same laws for each state to ensure that all the state of America are
ruled in the same way since it is one nation.
In the US, most congress seats are taken by the incumbents. The challengers do not
mostly run for the seats due to attitudinal and institutional reasons. For one to vie for a seat, they
need to be recruited on political ambitions, motivations and psychological dispositions. Their
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parties are not well organized thus they do not get the necessary support. Not all challengers are
the same, some are self-motivated and are ready to go for the seats. It is therefore expected that
soon the incumbents will get competition from the challengers.
For one to get money to fund their campaigns, politicians organize for political action
committees (PACs). These committees help them to raise some money. Others organize for
leadership PACs which also assist them. There are also superpacs where large committees are
planned to help raise large amounts of money. Different types of Hill Committees are vital in
helping to collect money.
Jeff smith was right in opting for election malpractice to win the elections. It was the only
way to become a leader as a challenger since the election rules were made by people already in
office and in their favor.
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Works Cited
Guide to U.s. Elections. Washington, D.C: CQ Press, 2010. Print.
Wood, Gordon S. The Creation of the American Republic, 1776-1787. Chapel Hill: Published for
the Institute of Early American History and Culture at Williamsburg, Va., by the
University of North Carolina Press, 1969. Print.

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