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REPORT

This is a report conducted by Gbenga State based on various prevailing issues ranging

from labor to environment. The concerns which this report is founded upon have been raised by

multiple stakeholders such as the public, non-governmental institutions within the country and

also the international community. This report endeavors to identify the alternatives which will be

available to the government of Gubengi to solve or address the mentioned concerns.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The purpose of this report was based on three general but interlinked subject matters

within the state of Gbenga. First, this story intended to investigate the issue of labor and its

frameworks. There was a widespread allegation that women and children were being used to

provide cheap labor in various sectors; unusually open industry, within the country. The most

pertinent issue of concern was lack of effective, efficient and comprehensive labor framework

which protects the works and provides clear contractual obligations between the employers and

employees. The existence of criminal gangs which controls the labor market was another issue

which this report intended to investigate. The working condition in the industrial sector within

Gubengi was believed to be below the international standards. This report gives comprehensive

findings and possible solution to these problems. In essence, it had been stated that factors such

as workers leave, working environment, safety amongst others, were not compatible with

international standards. Thirdly, this research intended to make a comprehensive study on the

issues regarding environmental pollution within Gbenga. Significant issues of concern were the

release of CO2 and other forms of pollutant gases. Also, the legal framework within the context

of environmental pollution was investigated and recommendations on how to reduce the same

propounded. This report founded that some of the issues raised were indeed valid and needed to

be urgently and efficiently addressed. An investigation to the point of cheap labor from women

and children confirmed that there was a need to regulate the labor sector though formulation of

laws. This will also improve the working condition of the workers within Gubengi and

subsequently increase the output in the concerned industries. Finally, it was established that this

country lacks effective legislation and policies on control of air pollution. Solution to this

problem will be to come up with sensible laws.

FACTS OF THE ISSUES

The effects of the case scenario are that Gbenga has had a complicated political history

starting with the French who established their control in the country before the advent of the 20

century. Other powers such as Russia has played a role in the political sphere of Gubengi and

contributed to the legal and policy framework of the country; in diverse capacities. After the exit

of Russia from Gubengi, power vacuum after that added to civil war between various ethnic

groups. This led to widespread death and economic deterioration in the country. Political

framework of the state was also affected.

Due to its proximity and strategic position to the US, the latter feared that continuity of

the civil war would lead to hostility towards them. In the year 2001, United States, together with

other parties such as UN delegates, commenced a peace treaty among the warring factions in

Gbenga. The ceasefire was achieved and democracy established in the country. An election was

conducted and necessary policy frameworks formulated by the young state. For the past few

years, Gbenga has been experiencing economic growth which is attributed to the peace gained.

Also, the constitution of the country was promulgated and Bills of Rights introduced.

International partnership with other states in areas such as commerce has been achieved by the

government of Gbenga. There is a strong tie between the EU and USA as afar as the international

investment is concerned. These two parties have pledged to develop Gubengi through assisting in

various areas such as commerce and trading. Recommendation to join the WTO has been

propounded by the EU and USA.

Due to colonial rule from Russia had French governments, Gbenga has never developed a

substantive labor framework which addresses the issues such as child labor and use of women to

provide cheap labor. The same inadequacy of the laws can be attributed to existences of the

organized criminal gangs which operate within Gbenga. These groups have been assigned to

inefficiencies of government control in the labor sector. They are responsible for the

transportation of people from other parts of the world to Gubengi; therefore, contributes

significantly to the situation being experienced in the country.

The working condition in Gubengi has been termed by foreign parties such as US and EU

to be below the international standards. The rule by French and Russia; together with the civil

wars in the country since the exit of Russia is has culminated into lack of sufficient legal

framework in the country. Industries operating within are also attributed to economic growth

witnessed recently due to stability and peace in the country. Factors concerning the workers, e.g.,

working conditions, payments, leave and safety is significant concerns within the country. This

report, therefore, endeavored to establish the real situation through conducting the research and

study. International Environmental Agency has also stated that the country is a significant

contributor to global warming through emission of CO and other dangerous gases to the

atmosphere. The specific concern is lack of the legal framework which can adequately address

the issue comprehensively and efficiently.

DISCUSSION

Through research and comprehensive study of the issues raised by various parties, this

report came up with many findings which are pertinent to the solutions to these problems. These

results are also the basis of recommendations given to combat the difficulties faced by the

country. Various methodologies and procedures were used during the research; depending on the

nature of the study being conducted and specific issue. The three points raised were throughout

investigated, and these are the procedures used, findings and general overviews.

i) The Legal Framework Vis-à-vis Labor Sector

There were various allegations that the lack of adequate legal framework; precisely in

labor sector, was the reason behind cheap labor which involves the use of children and women to

provide services in industries and other sectors of the economy. The research was conducted

through field study in various areas of the economy; precisely the informal sector. Multiple

methodologies such as direct investigation were applied. The outcome of this research indicated

that some labor force comprised women and children. Further, it was found out that the primary

reason behind this is because they were willing to do hard jobs with relatively reasonable

compensations for their labor. The existence of workers from surrounding countries of Gubengi

was also identified as a major reason behind unregulated labor market.

Fundamentally, this research previewed the laws about labor sector, and what was found

out is that there were multiple gaps which led to exploitation of the workers. For instance, there

were no explicit stipulations of basic things such as the formation of an employment contract.

Also, no laws prohibited employment for people who are underage. In most other countries such

as the United States of America, labor laws are comprehensive enough to give clear guidelines

on how employers should compensate the workers. Lack of this legal framework in Gubengi is

the major reason behind the exploitation of workers through lack of enough compensation for

their works. Poverty is another reason which can be attributed to the cases of the cheap labor

market. Most people in Gubengi cannot afford essentials; therefore, prompting them to use all

means possible to gain revenue. Competition in labor market due to a vast number of

unemployed people drives down the cost of labor. Cheap labor force from neighboring countries

is also another reason behind this problem.

From the study conducted, several criminal gangs are operating within the country, and

they facilitate importation of workers from other countries. Lack of enforcement of the law

within Gubengi is a significant reason behind the rise of these gangs which operates without fear

of the law. The result of this situation is a massive number of potential workers in the labor

market. Also, these workers from foreign countries are responsible for fall of the minimum

wages in the labor market.

ii) Working Conditions in Factories

From the research conducted, it was established that the working conditions in factories

within Gubengi were below international standards. Exploitation of workers and violation of

their rights was evident in most plants visited. The team which came up with this report

conducted a countrywide survey in factories and compiled feedbacks received from the factory

workers. Also, the direct investigation was conducted. Various issues such as the provision of

safety gears were found to be ignored by the management of factories. Workers were also not

given leaves nor compensated enough for their work. Also, the working hours were found to be

contrary to the internationally accepted limit. This was mainly a form of exploitation of the

workers who were too disparate to claim their rights.

From analyzing the laws of Gubengi, it was established that they lacked proper

framework which would protect the rights of workers. They were found to be too fragile and

require procedural provisions whereby the workers could report cases of exploitation. Also,

government institutions mandated with the protection of the rights of workers were found to be

powerless due to lack of reliable legal; foundation. Exploitation of children in factories was

rampant throughout the country. Most employers, especially in companies, employed small

children to work in factories without providing them with safety gears. This was contrary to

international laws on labor as stipulated by ILO and universal rights of workers. There were also

cases whereby workers died during their working period in factories due to the negligence of the

management. This is majorly due to lack of policies which protect the workers from the neglect

of the employers. Also, compensation for such deaths or injuries were non-existence.

Enforcement of the existing fragile laws in Gubengi was also found to be lacking.

Institutions mandated with the implementation of the rules were not well equipped regarding

workforce. Violation of human rights can also be attributed to the non-existence of large

organizations which can promote the rights of the workers and protect them from the exploitation

of employers. The violation also manifested itself from lack of safety gears during working time.

Under international laws on human rights, all workers should be provided with safety gears in

the factory. This is to protect their health and prevent accident-rel; and deaths. In Gubengi, most

factories ignored this provision of the law to a more significant extent. This is the primary reason

why there were many reported case of deaths arising from factory accidents.

iii) Environmental Protection Framework in Gbenga

The research was conducted to assess the environmental protection framework such as

the laws which regulates the emission of poisonous gases to the air. The study involved accurate

quantification and other methodologies which were deemed by the team to be applicable.

Various concerns by the international community that the country had no adequate legal

framework which would protect the environment was considered, and a preview of the legal

framework was done. From the findings, it can be stated that the country does not have enough

laws which promote conservation of the environment and prevent emi9ssion of the poisonous

gases to the environment. Lack of these rules can be attributed to various reasons, the major one

being that the country is still young hence no clear jurisprudence has been developed to counter

the menace of environmental pollution. Factories were found to be the primary contributors to

this form of corruption. They emitted poisonous gases to the atmosphere without adhering to the

standard set. Enforceability of the existing laws can also be attributed to this problem. Since

there are not enough laws to protect the environment, this study found out that it was difficult to

enforce the existing laws due to lack of enough institutions and mechanisms. The government

seems reluctant in forcing the laws which protect the environment from pollution.

These findings and discussions from that place, show that Gbenga needs to put more

efforts in the labor sector since they were found to be exceedingly lacking in nature. Also,

environment being a factor which cannot be ignored, the government should put policy and legal

frameworks that ensure that those who are responsible for the pollution are prosecuted

RECOMMENDATIONS

i) First, the government must formulate extensive laws which protect the workers from

exploitation from the employers. It appeared that lack of enough legal framework was

the primary reason behind this problem. Employers took advantage of this vacuum

and exploited the workers as they wish. Through establishing the good legal

framework, the government will protect workers' rights. Laws should entail various

issues such as the provision of leaves, breaks and safety gears in a factory. Also, good

laws will be able to protect workers' rights. Bill or rights should also be entrenched in

labor laws in Gubengi to promote good working relationship amongst the workers.

ii) Institutions must be empowered enough to enforce the laws. The existence of the

rules is not enough if there are no active institutions within Gubengi which will

ensure that the statutes formulated are respected by the concerned parties.

iii) Factories should be compelled to provide tri-annual reports on the emission of gases.

Those companies which will be found to contribute to radiation should be fined.

Through this, pollution will be discouraged.

iv) Criminal gang members responsible for the importation of workers should be

prosecuted accordingly. By inferring to various laws within Gubengi, the court should

charge the parties involved in adoption. Police should use all the powers at their

disposal to look for the members of these groups. This will reduce the problems

experienced in the labor market.

v) Finally, the government of Gbenga should seek support and guidance from well-

established countries such as the US on matters pertaining labor. They can refer to the

models use and apply them in Gbenga.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, this report shows that there are multiple underlying problems in Gubengi

which need to be addressed as soon as possible. It will require efforts from various stakeholders

such as the parliament, judiciary, executive, the people of Gubengi and the international

community to achieve these goals.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Table of Statutes

C081 – Labor Inspection Convention 1947 (No. 81)

C001- Hours of Work (Industry) Convention 1919 (No.1)

Kyoto Protocol 1997

Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, Montreal, 1989

P081- Labor Inspection Convention 1947

Secondary Sources

International Labour Review, Vol. 137 (1998), No. 2

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