Research Proposal 3
system. First, it will assess the broadcasting wave bands rage and type (sensors technology used),
the compatibility of the IOT application on customers’ gadgets (the protocol used) and finally the
effectiveness of accurate calculation of parking fee mode, of payment and monitoring of the cars
in the parking (security). The researcher developed three hypotheses which state that the IOT the
choice sensors and cameras are slowing down the IOT technology in parking.
State-of-the-art/Literature Reviewing
Internet of things IoT is a system adapted to improve the effective way of identifying free
parking space in a parking. IOT is a new parking platform that enables the users to connect to the
cloud base information that is generated by the sensors nodes. The sensors node may be chosen
by the designer to suit the interest such as optical or sound sensors. The sensors use different
sound or light waves range designed to detect an empty space in a parking. The next step
involves sending the information captured by the sensor in the processing node which process
the data evaluate and send the data to the cloud. The cloud makes the processed data available
for the user to access it through an application which gives the information on the available
parking space (Gupta, Kulkarni, Jathar, Sharma & Jain, 2017).
Although IOT technology basically has almost the same nodes functionality, different developers
of this technology differ on various IOT architecture such the sensors, the protocol and security
which may alter the procedure that each design use. For example, PARKISSEO, the French IoT
startup uses the sensors installed in the parking slot which detect whether there is an empty
parking space transmitting the data to the application via LPWA (Low Power Wide Area)
network technology. The users who would wish to access the parking space enters destination
value in the application installed in their gadget which uses the real-time updated data in the
cloud. The application guides the drivers to the nearest parking slot. Nominet is another example
that uses a map view to locate a parking space available in a given area. The technology adopted
by Nominet was initially designed for flood monitoring. This technology was adopted to
minimize insecurity and easy access to cars in a parking space (TechDesign Blog, 2016). Again
it helps to give the driver an easy way to leave a parking by giving information on various routes
that the drivers opt to use to either leave or park their cars. The third example includes sensors
that now do not use the sound sensors to detect an empty space rather than a light energy (optical
sensors) which detects an empty space through reflections of light waves of the car shadows. An
empty space is detected if there’s no object casting a shadow on a particular parking slot (Joshi,
Yeola, Kanse & Student, B.E., 2017). On the three examples, there is a difference in the sensor
design used. The sound sensors as used in parking which the sound waves are not affected by the
environment as it will be discussed later. One advantage of using sound sensor is that it not
affected by other objects around the parking, unlike the optical sensors which may be affected by
shadows that are casted by other objects in the parking such as walls or trees. Mark you, the
sensors depict the reflected energy in the particular parking space. The sensor may illuminate its
energy on the parking where a different wave reflected dictate whether space is empty or not.
Optical sensors are suitable for indoor parking as it will be discussed later.
Theoretical Content/Methodology
The study will adopt a literature analysis on research done on IOT technology used to enhance
parking procedures. It will emphasize on analyzing the selection of collection of data by the lens
used either sound, light lens or cameras that use. Vision-Based Method. In addition, the proposed
study will compare some of the IOT adopted technology security measures and the protocol
used.
Research Question, Aim/Objectives and Sub-goals
