Responses To Questions Disorders Of The Veins And Arteries

Running head: DISORDERS OF THE VEINS AND ARTERIES 1

Responses to Questions Disorders of the Veins and Arteries

Name

Institution

DISORDERS OF THE VEINS AND ARTERIES 2

Responses to Questions Disorders of the Veins and Arteries

Comparing the Pathophysiology of Chronic Venous Insufficiency and Deep Venous

Thrombosis.

Chronic venous insufficiency is a health complication that causes venous hypertension

that results to a number of pathologies, which include swelling, skin changes, pain, ulcerations

and severe pain within the venous system of the lower extremities (Weiss & James, 2017).

Common symptoms of this condition include chronic swelling of the legs and ankles and

phlebitic lymphedema. Hyperpigmentation of the lower limbs and itching of the skin may also

occur as a symptom of chronic venous insufficiency. This condition may cause the skin to react

with ecema, discolouration, thickening, inflammation, and an increased risk of cellutis and

ulcers.

Deep venous thrombosis is a condition that results in a blood clot in the deep veins. This

condition causes an obstruction of the deep venous system that may later cause claudication,

which is a strong leg cramping with ambulation (Weiss & James, 2017). Symptoms of this

condition are cutaneous changes such as hyper-pigmentation because of eczematous dermatitis

and hemosiderin deposition. This cause development of fibroids in the lipodermatosclerosis

tissue and the dermis that increase the risk of leg ulceration, delayed wound healing, cellulitis,

and long term problems associated with deep venous thrombosis include the post thrombotic

syndrome.

The Differences between Venous Thrombosis and Arterial Thrombosis

Thrombosis is a health condition that is characterized by the formation a blood clot inside

a blood vessel hence causing an obstruction within the system of blood circulation. Venous

DISORDERS OF THE VEINS AND ARTERIES 3

thrombus is the formation of a blood clot within the vein whereas arterial thrombus the formation

of a blood clots within the artery.

Venous thrombus mainly occurs in deep veins embolizes and flows towards the lungs

causing pulmonary embolism, which is a blood clot in the lungs whereas arterial thrombosis

mainly occurs when the fat-rich deposits in the blood vessel wall, atheroma bursts and later flows

downstream the circulation system and affects any organ (Chan, Eikelboom & Weitz, 2016).

Arterial thrombosis also occurs because of embolism of blood clots from the cardiogenic

embolus that causes arterial fibrillation that results to blood stasis within the atria that develops

thrombosis inside the heart.

Diagnosis, Prescription, and Treatment of Venous Thrombosis and Arterial Thrombosis

Disorders

The diagnosis of venous thrombosis involves studying the patient’s medical history.

Ultrasound diagnosis involves using sound waves to create images or pictures of blood flow in

the veins and arteries in the affected leg (Mount Sinai Hospital, 2018). Nevertheless,

Venography test may be carried out if the ultrasound test does not provide desired outcomes. The

dye is injected into the vein to make the vein visible when an x ray photo taken on the affected

leg. The result of the X-ray will indicate whether blood flow in the vein is slow, an indication

that there are blood clots in the veins or arteries. Moreover, a D-dimer test may also be carried

out to determine whether there are substances in the blood that is released when blood clots

dissolve. It is affirmed that an individual has venous thrombosis if the tests show high levels of

blood substances.

Venous thrombosis is treated to prevent blood clots from bursting and moving to the

lungs, reducing the chances of having other blood clots, and stopping the blood from getting

DISORDERS OF THE VEINS AND ARTERIES 4

bigger by subscribing Anticoagulants such as Warfarim through pills, and Heparin through

injections under the skin or intravenous injections to reduce the chances of formation of blood

clots.

Arterial thrombosis can be diagnosed by checking if there is a decrease in the patient’s

heart rate and undertaking diagnostic tests to locate the blood clot. An MRI test, this test takes

images of the body to locate if there are any blood clots within the body (NHS Inform, 2018).

Nevertheless, Angiogram test may be carried out to examine abnormalities in the blood vessels.

Ultrasound tests can also be conducted by creating sound waves, images within the blood

circulation system, and examine blood flow.

Arterial thrombosis treatment is undertaken depending on the size and location of the

blood clot with the main goal of breaking up the blood clot and restoring the blood circulation to

its proper form. The treatment involves medication by subscription of Anticoagulants that

prevent further blood clots (NHS Inform, 2018). Thrombolytic often destroy existing blood clots

and painkillers. Angioplasty surgery may be performed to bypass a blood clot by opening up

blocked or narrow blood vessel by inserting a balloon catheter into the artery and guided to the

clot.

DISORDERS OF THE VEINS AND ARTERIES 5

Mind Maps

Mind Map for Chronic Venous Insufficiency

Valve damage

Backflow of blood

Obstruct the flow

Epidemiology

Diagnosis

Pathophysiology

Health history

Measuring blood

pressure in bilateral

legs

Physical assessment

Ultrasound

Arteries bring blood

rich in oxygen to the

body

Veins return oxygen

poor blood to the

heart

Veins cannot pump

blood

You have Chronic

Venous Insufficiency

DISORDERS OF THE VEINS AND ARTERIES 6

Mind Map for Deep Venous Thrombosis

Warfarin

Venography

Heparin

Treatment

Deep

Venous

Thrombosis

Physical &

History

D-dimer

Ultrasound

MRI

Diagnosis

Pathophysiology

Epidemology

Vessel damage

Obstructs

blood flow

Venous stasis

Hypercoagulability

Redness

Pain

Clinical

presentation

One of the

common

medical

Problems

DISORDERS OF THE VEINS AND ARTERIES 7

References

Chan, N., Eikelboom, J. & Weitz, J. (2016). Evolving Treatments for Arterial and Venous

Thrombosis: Role of the Direct Oral Anticoagulants. Retrieved from

http://circres.ahajournals.org/content/118/9/1409

Mount Sinai Hospital (2018). Venous Thromboembolism (Blood Clots, Deep Vein Thrombosis,

Pulmonary Embolism. Retrieved from http://www.mountsinai.org/patient-care/service-

areas/vascular-and-endovascular-services/what-we-treat/venous-thromboembolism

NHS Inform (2018). Arterial thrombosis. Retrieved from https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-

and-conditions/heart-and-blood-vessels/conditions/arterial-thrombosis

Weiss, R. & James, W. (2017). Venous Insufficiency. Retrieved from

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1085412-overview

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