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Running Head: Federal, State Laws And Economic Development

Federal Laws, State Laws and Economic Development

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Federal, State Laws And Economic Development

“Positive States” and Impact on Economy

Positive states, according to Lehne, have constantly been on the rise due to the focus

and attention given by the government towards economy, growth and development. Positive

States is used by Lehne to illustrate the improved economic status, growth and development in

the United States due to a number of factors such as changes in trade laws, immigration and

development agenda by the federal government.

Positive states were created in order to improve tax rates, have control over the business

cycle, and provide businesses with the framework in which they can operate despite the market

decisions that drive businesses. They were also created in order to enable the government be

able to predict the ever fluctuating and recurring economy levels since they can only influence

but not affect the business cycle. The business cycle is in five stages of Peak, Recession,

Growth, Recovery and Trough.

The positive states also were created majorly to enable reduce the conflict between

businesses and the government. The conflict often arises over equality-efficiency trade off with

the government pursuing equality and fairness while businesses pursuing pure economic

reasons.

Political rhetoric has been competing over the years with business over dominance and

the two have been switching positions depending on the economic level of the United States.

According to Lehne, the political rhetoric is currently down as business is dominating. Lehne

quotes The New York Times (2013) that before the Constitutional revolution, the US Supreme

Court had most of its operations pro-business. Immigrants were considered capable of working

better during the time when political rhetoric took dominance and unskilled workers crossing

the borders illegally were focused on.

The Positive States gives a boost on the economy in different ways. The government

enables businesses and markets operate efficiently by providing frameworks resources to

Federal, State Laws And Economic Development

traders and investors. The creation of jobs reduces the level of unemployment and increases

the number of taxpayers hence increasing tax levels and government revenue. When the

economy develops, policies and regulations guiding the businesses will be reviewed in order

to accommodate all business organizations. The level of innovation and creativity will be

enhanced as the channels through which people can acquire items and use them to express their

talent will be available.

The United States Government has remained committed over the years on a market

economy despite the effects of The Great Recession. According to Crafts and Fearon (2010),

the great depression engulfed all food and raw materials manufacturers in the United States

and other countries like the United Kingdom and Europe creating a serious economic crisis.

Unemployment levels were high during the season, many financial institutions were bankrupt,

farmers had more losses and hunger was eminent. The financial crisis in the country during the

period prolonged and transmitted economic shocks since the national economic policy

measures were not strong enough to curb the menace.

According to Engelen (2017), economic phenomena can be significantly and truthfully

explained through use of positive economic models. As the preference notion is used mostly in

microeconomic models, rigor and conceptual clarity lack seriously whereas dynamic and

environmental changes also have a negative impact on business cycles. Business cycles and

market economies are controlled by the law of supply and demand. The equilibrium of these

laws balances businesses more than the influence caused by the government and political

rhetoric.

The alternative approach to rise in Positive States is the “development of Economic

Giants.” This can be said so through the fact that the United States has a lot of influence on

global economy either directly or indirectly. According to Lehne (2012), positive states, rather

Economic Giants, have been made possible through the focus and attention given by the

Federal, State Laws And Economic Development

government leading to improved economic status, growth and development. The framework it

provides for businesses and traders to access markets and the fact that the dollar currency is

used globally makes it an economic giant that controls businesses all over.

The alternative approach that can be used is by increasing or creating more companies

and factories to increase the level of employment, provision of a friendlier environment for

trade, adopting the approaches used in curbing the great depression as illustrated by Crafts and

Fearon (2010).These alternative approaches will be able to solve greatly pressing economic

and social issues in the state. These pressing issues include; level of living standards,

unemployment, and poverty among others.

Assignment 2

Federal and State Laws On How They Affect Individuals

Laws are created to guide and enable smooth running of a country and a people. In the

United States State laws and federal laws are used. According to Legal Aid Society of

Northeastern New York (2016), federal laws are implemented in the whole of United States

and include patent and copyright laws, bankruptcy law, federal criminal laws, and immigration

laws among others. State laws on the other hand are those that are only applied within state

territories. Some include; business contracts, divorce and family matters, workers

compensation for injuries, criminal matters among others.

State laws have different effects on individuals especially on business transactions,

crime and justice and welfare and Medicaid matters. State laws on health matters have

restrictions on states clinicians or organizations can cross and systems and levels of

reimbursements. Personally, the payment for insurance coverage and monitoring of payment

in order for the elderly to be taken care of has affected my grandparents. The insurance cover

Federal, State Laws And Economic Development

has to be paid monthly and without it the elderly cannot easily access medical care and failure

to pay for it increases the fine imposed.

According to Larrat, Marcoux and Vorgenberg (2012), both state and federal laws have

affected both private and public insurance providers through the reallocation of fiscal resources

and in technological advances. The legislative branch of the federal state controls the many

overarching laws resulting in the insurers and service providers to be more cautious and

attentive to the method and types of services they provide.

Several federal policies according to Goelzhauser and Rose (2017) acquired and

administratively and through the executive position of the presidency during the President

Obama’s reign, were reversed after the 2016 elections. The policies majorly wee under the

sectors of energy, immigration and the environment. President Trump promised that his

administration will increase the number of job opportunities in the country. According to GOP

(2017), President Trump had mentioned among his many speeches had reaffirmed his

commitment to bring back jobs in America and the impact on the economy had grown

significantly.

Federal laws apply in all the states in the US. They include patent and copyright laws,

bankruptcy law, federal criminal laws, and immigration laws among others. Different groups

of people enjoy federal law protection especially against tax fraud, criminal activities, racial or

gender discrimination among others. Employees have benefitted too through the law that

requires they are compensated after injuries in their work places and any other related job safety

and benefits. Personally federal state laws affect me indirectly in that goods that I buy and any

other transactions I perform are under the protection against tax fraud since all goods are taxed

equally.

Federal, State Laws And Economic Development

Introduction to Nexis Uni

Nexis Uni, according to University of Maryland (2018) is a database that contains full

text to news, legal information and businesses information. The database allows for the

searches to be done across all content. The database also allows viewing of relevant topics,

searches and sources at a glance. The Lexis Uni replaced the Lexis Nexis Academic and

includes trade journals, magazines and newspapers, wire services, court decisions and

information on companies.

Find attached the screenshot of the home page search page of the Lexis Uni.

Federal, State Laws And Economic Development

References

Crafts, N. and Fearon, P. (2010). Lessons from the 1930s Great Depression. Oxford Review

of Economic Policy. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/grq030

Engelen, B. (2017). A New Definition of and Role for Preferences in Positive Economics. A

Journal of Economic Methodology. Vol.24. retrieved from

https://doi.org/10.1080/1350178x.2017.1286026

Goelzhauser, G and Rose, S. (2017). The State of American Federalism 2016-2017: Policy

reversals and partisan perspectives on intergovernmental relations. The Journal of

Federalism. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1093/publius/pjx038

GOP (2017). Trump’s Focus on the Economy Is Already Having a Positive Impact. Retrieved

from https://www.gop.com/Trump’s-focus-on-the-economy/

Larrat, E. P., Marcoux, R. M. and Vorgenberg, R. F. (2012). Impact of Federal and State Legal

Trends on Health care Services. Journal for Managed Care and Hospital Formulary

Management. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/

Legal Aid Society of Northeastern New York (2016). The difference between Federal, State

and Local laws. Retrieved from https://www.lawhelp.org/resource.

Lehne, R. (2012). Government and Business: American Political Economy in Comparative

Perspective. Retrieved from https://www.googlebooks.com

University of Maryland (2018). University Libraries. Retrieved from

https://www.lib.umd.edu/search

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