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Testing Ohm’s Law Lab Report

Ohm's law is a principle that relates the voltage, current and resistance in one equation

(V=IR). It states that voltage, which is the driving force, is directly proportional to the current

provided resistance remains constant. It is a fundamental law that finds use in every electrical

and electronic application. For instance, in selection of fuses, design of electronics, power supply

systems, speed control, and heaters and many more. Therefore, it is paramount to understand the

Ohm's law and testing its validity forms the focus of this experiment.

Objectives

Experimentally show the validity of Ohm's law is the core purpose of this study. The

experiment objective is to answer the following questions: When the potential difference

(voltage) across a resistor is raised, how does the current through the resistor vary? How does

this relationship behave for different resistors?

Thesis Statement

When the voltage across the resistance is increased, then there will be a corresponding

increase in current along the circuit.

Experiment Design

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Apparatus

Breadboard

Digital multimeter

Jumpers

Resistors

Variable DC supply

Potentiometer

Procedure

The experiment was conducted as per the guidelines of the lab manual with all the

precautions taken into account. The circuit arrangement is a shown in figure 1.

Figure 1: The circuit arrangement of the experiment.

Results

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The readings of both volts and current at a constant resistance of 10 Ω from the

experiment were recorded in the table below.

Power supply

Volts (V)

Current (A)

2.1

0.21

4.0

0.36

5.5

0.5

7.6

0.67

9.4

0.8

11.3

1.1

Table 1: shows the results recorded while experimenting.

Graph 1: shows the relationship between voltage and current

Discussion

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.2

0 2.1 4 5.5 7.6 9.4 11.3

Current (A)

Voltage (V)

Voltage against Current

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The results indicate that at open circuit both the ammeter and voltmeter reading were

zero. This response is correct since at open circuit there is no potential difference between the

ends and hence no current flow. Upon connecting the power source with a voltage of 2V, the

ammeter deflected to read 0.21A. On increasing the volts to 4V maintaining the resistance, the

reading also increased to 0.36A. Same outcome is evidenced on repeating the experiment with

different values of voltage. The graph plotted shows a linear relationship between voltage and

current at a constant resistance. Repeating the experiment using different resistors only changed

the values but the trend remains the same.

Conclusion

A change in the voltage at a constant resistance results in a corresponding change in the

current flowing in the circuit. The outcome of the experiments confirms the hypothesis of the

relationship that exists between voltage and current. However, there were some errors while

collecting data attributed to instruments calibration making the graph not linearly perfect.

Nevertheless, the outcome of the experiment confirms the validity of Ohm's law.

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