THEORY IN PRACTICE PAPER 3
relationship between a nurse and a patient is influenced by reparative powers while Watson views
it as a product of existential-phenomenological force. Considering the ethical knowing,
Nightingale views environmental conservation as a critical step to health maintenance while
Watson upholds respect, care, nurturing, and attaching patients to a high value as the best means
for treatment (Bender & Feldman, 2015). Sociopolitical factors are another area that both theorists
delved into. Nightingale emphasizes that sociopolitical factors determine the condition of the
environment: a protected environment will lead to a healthy society while a poor setting causes
health hazards. Watson reasons that sociopolitical factors determine the type of care administered
in health centers’.
Metaparadigm is a term created by Florence Nightingale during the Crimean War that
refers to the main elements involving nursing profession. There are four metaparadigm concepts
of nursing profession: health, person, nursing, and environment (Vati, 2015). Although the four
elements are different, they have a direct relationship and influence each other. The metaparadigm
concept is based on the health-illness scale at the time of offering nursing services, on the
environment of providing the service, on the patient under treatment and on the interaction of the
nurse and the person under treatment.
The metaparadigm of person is a patient who is under nursing care services and may be
represented by a community, family, and an individual. Nightingale views this element as a patient
who is treated by a nurse, who has a reparative power and who is affected by the environment
(Bender & Feldman, 2015). On the other hand, Watson views a patient as a person who should be
cared for, valued, assisted, understood and respected. As for another example, health concept is
the level of illness, wellness or well-being of a person. According to Nightingale, health is using
person’s power to maintain well-being which is achieved by controlling the environment. In
