Why is Yawn Contagious

Running head: WHY IS YAWN CONTAGIOUS
Why is Yawn Contagious?
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WHY IS YAWN CONTAGIOUS 1
Why is Yawn Contagious
Yawning comes autonomously; scientists say it is traced back to early evolution through
the evolution theory where some individuals speculate that yawning began with our ancestors.
Yawning is a common trait in most creatures including fish. It arises autonomously since it
originates from the brainstem. Yawning can be triggered by several feelings like feeling of
boredom, temperature or even sleepiness. For instance, humans yawn less as ambient
temperatures approach body temperatures or go down near freezing. Yawning may be for the
purpose of regulating the brain temperature.So far, a contagious yawning has been observed in
humans, baboons, chimpanzees, wolves and even dogs (Provine, 2005). Contagious yawning
happens not because one really feels like joining in the yawning because someone else has
yawned but because one can’t just help it. Researches show that viewing pictures or watching
videos of yawning people may lead to contagious yawning. Yawning eyes are enough to get one
gaping and arching.
However, individuals with schizophrenia or autism exhibit no kind of contagious yawn.
The same applies to babies below four years of age. This observation instigated a lot of research
leading to emergence of diverse theories explaining the relationship between yawn and empathy
and the mirror-neuron system of the brain (MNS). The rationale is that mirror-neuron system
deficit may cause one to miss some hidden empathetic cues which activate contagious yawning.
Sections of the amygdala light up due to response to yawning images (Platek, Critton, Myers, &
Gallup, 2003). At times people yawn while nervous like before commencing a sporting act like a
race. This brings the idea that perhaps the yawning is for the sake of preparing the brains for a
contest, flight or fight. Contagious yawning may as such be said to be an evolutionary shortcut
WHY IS YAWN CONTAGIOUS 2
for preparing the brains for a swift action in case of threat. This is however just a personal
opinion with regards to yawning.
There is also the physiological theory regarding yawning where it is said that the human
body induces yawning as a way of drawing in more oxygen and removing accumulated carbon
(IV) oxide. This theory explains the occurrence of group yawns where it explains that there are
large amounts of carbon (IV) oxide produced in groups which makes the body to act in a manner
to get rid of the carbon (IV) oxide gas while taking in more oxygen. However, this was just a
theoretical speculation which was opposed by a neuroscientist, Robert Provine of University of
Maryland who tested the theory and ascertained that additional oxygen doesn’t reduce yawning
and reducing the amounts of carbon (IV) oxide also never prevented yawning (Provine, 2005).
Though the real cause of contagious yawning has never been scientifically established; it
still remains a scientific mystery. Evolutionary traits often have several reasons behind them
because they evolve around a lot of bases. There is the modern adaptation that yawning may just
be faked and not contagious as have been thought before. For instance, faked yawning may be
for a reason of signaling a long-dragged conversation (Schürmann et al., 2005). In fact, it would
be ideal to carry out a test performance on contagious yawning while meeting one’s boss at the
workplace. One would simply need to visit the office of the boss and in the course of the
conversation, take a simple rest while leaning back on the chair and yawn, then one would note
whether the manager yawns back or not. This would be a typical case study of studying
contagious yawn; whether it’s real or illusionary.
In conclusion, there hasn’t been any proper scientific documentation on the cause of
contagious yawning and it is a question that calls for further researches beyond the speculated
WHY IS YAWN CONTAGIOUS 3
theories that are already in place. The theories must as such be tested and proven right or wrong
as studies into contagious yawning continue.
WHY IS YAWN CONTAGIOUS 4
References
Platek, S. M., Critton, S. R., Myers, T. E., & Gallup, G. G. (2003). Contagious yawning: the role
of self-awareness and mental state attribution. Cognitive Brain Research, 17(2), 223-227.
Provine, R. R. (2005). Yawning: the yawn is primal, unstoppable and contagious, revealing the
evolutionary and neural basis of empathy and unconscious behavior. American scientist,
93(6), 532-539.
Schürmann, M., Hesse, M. D., Stephan, K. E., Saarela, M., Zilles, K., Hari, R., & Fink, G. R.
(2005). Yearning to yawn: the neural basis of contagious yawning. Neuroimage, 24(4),
1260-1264.

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